Handkea excipuliformis
Bag Puffball ( Lycoperdon excipuliforme )
The bag or large - Puffball ( Lycoperdon excipuliforme, syn. Calvatia excipuliformis, Calvatia saccata, Handkea excipuliformis ) is a species of fungus in the family of mushroom relatives. Trivial names with the word element " bovist " are wrong because puffballs have no fruiting bodies with sterile stem portion.
The edible fungus accumulates in his young fruiting bodies of metals and can make a significant contribution to the supply of iron, zinc and magnesium in the diet. For the very small, easily flying through air movements spores penetrate by inhalation to the alveoli and have allergenic potential.
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fruit bodies have a variable appearance. They usually have a pestle, rare pear-shaped habit and vary in width between 4-10 centimeters in height between 7-12 (-15 ) cm. They consist of a long, vigorous and sterile stem and a rounded, fertile headboard. Here, the spongy stuffed stem makes half of up to three -quarters of the height. The header contains the fruit mass. She is in immature fruit bodies white and sticky, then yellow to olive green and mushy, eventually it breaks down to olive to purple- brown spore powder. The outer skin ( Exoperidie ) is initially gray - whitish, then occupied cream to ocher and dense with fine, easily removable warts. It remains bright long, finally dries up, is light brown, parchment-like, and tears at maturity of the fruit body on. Young, white-fleshed specimens taste mild. While the mature head part is divided into irregular pieces, survived the parchment-like, brown and reminiscent of a cigar stump stem part of the winter.
Ripe fruit body
Decay final fruiting body
Stalk remnant
Microscopic characteristics
The spherical, ( olive ) brown spores measure 4-6 microns have a warty surface and a straight or slightly curved, to 2.5 microns long Pedizelle. The spores grow four people to the Basidienzellen. Cystidia are not available.
Artabgrenzung
The species is readily determinable. For confusion may come the rabbit Puffball ( Lycoperdon utriformis ) and the bottle Puffball (L. perlatum ) into consideration. The rabbit Puffball is hardly stalked and turns earlier.
Ecology, phenology and distribution
The bag - Puffball is a soil- Saprobiont. It grows in woods (preferably deciduous forest ) and on lawns and meadows.
The type fruktifiziert July to November.
It is widely distributed throughout Europe and quite common to find.
Importance
Young mushrooms are edible, while the flesh is still white. It is often sliced and fried in slices, otherwise prepared as fried potatoes.
Taxonomy
He is classified based on new published phylogenetic studies in the genus of puffballs ( Lycoperdon ). The variable appearance of the fruiting body is a long list of synonymous (scientific ) name found. The official first description dates back to Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, who has described the way in the second volume of the 1772 published the second edition of his work "Flora Carniolica ".