Hans Kudlich
Hans Kudlich ( born October 25, 1823 in Praise stone, Austrian Silesia, † November 11, 1917 in Hoboken, United States) was a physician and an Austrian politician and went as "peasant liberators" for the Austrian and also for the Czech and Polish peasants in the history one.
Background and education
Hans Kudlich was born in 1823 as the youngest son, the ninth of eleven children of the robot requiring farmers Kudlich Johann and his wife Eleonora Marie, born Ulrich, who owned two farms. From 1834 to 1842 he attended high school in Opava, at the same time the later discovery of genetics, Gregor Mendel was a student. Both their teacher was the country's historians Faustin Ens. Then Kudlich studied from 1842 to 1848 first philosophy, then law at the University of Vienna. He moved in with the father of his older brother, the Vienna notary Dr. August Eltz, whose sons he taught as a private tutor.
His brother Hermann (1809-1886) was a member of the First German National Assembly in Frankfurt's St. Paul's Church and in the following Stuttgart rump parliament.
Time as a politician
On March 13, 1848 Kudlich was wounded by a bayonet thrust at the demonstration in front of the Lower Austrian country house in Vienna. He was initially continued in Vienna, where he worked as a member of the Academic Legion for his idea of freedom. In May he went to heal his injury after Lobenstein and was won there for the candidacy to the Austrian Reichstag.
On June 24 took place in Bennisch, Circle Freudenthal in a runoff election for its Reichstag deputies. He also received the votes of the Czech peasant delegates who had retired before this second round of voting their candidate (Bauer Mitschka from Slatnik ) in the decisive second ballot.
As the youngest member of the Austrian Reichstag he put on 24 July 1848 momentous resolution on the abolition of peasant state of subjugation with all the accompanying sprung rights and obligations as Robot and tithe, an application in a slightly different form on 31 August and 1 September adopted and entered into force on 7 September.
In Vienna October insurrection in 1848 Kudlich took active part in the efforts to preserve the power of the Reichstag, turned in vain to the Upper and Lower Austrian peasantry, to win them over to armed intervention ( militia ), and was persecuted as a troublemaker by the commander of the Emperor. With the Reichstag he moved in November from Vienna to Kremsier, Moravia.
In the March 4, 1849 the implementation of the " emancipation law" was initiated by letters patent of Emperor Franz Joseph I..
After the Reichstag was blown up in Kremsier of soldiers Kudlich fled to Prussian Silesia and on to his brother to Frankfurt am Main. He then took part in the Palatinate uprising and became a member of the provisional government. Finally, he fled over Donaueschingen and Fribourg in Switzerland.
In a letter dated March 14, 1849 Kudlich said:
" The formation of a German emperor throne without Austria is thus likely. It was not until later years will make us feel what we lose by this separation. Because the preponderance of the Slavs will oppress our nationality. But ... Germany still remains for us a haven and refuge, in which we can take refuge in adversity. Because our right to remain with the German people that we never give up, but keep us until the hour strikes, in which we may not engage in it. "
Work as a doctor
In Bern he was taken in the house of the liberal professor of medicine Philipp Friedrich Wilhelm Vogt. From 1849 to 1853 he studied medicine in Bern and Zurich, where he obtained his doctoral examination in March 1853. He also married Vogts daughter Luise († 1884 Freiburg im Breisgau). Due to his active participation in the Vienna October insurrection and the Palatinate uprising Kudlich in 1851 and 1854, sentenced to death in absentia. Then he wandered over Le Havre to the United States and settled in Hoboken, New Jersey, where he ran his own medical practice. He soon became an advocate of Germanness in Hoboken and New Jersey, helped many German clubs and schools to establish and pleaded for the anti -slavery movement and the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States.
He maintained a lively correspondence with his homeland, where he repeatedly sustained -known, despite his American citizenship to his Germanness, but turned against any anti-Semitism, because it weakened his opinion, the forces of Germanism.
After him Emperor Franz Joseph had pardoned in 1867 and the death sentence was lifted against him, he went along with his nine children several times to his old home.
1917 Hans Kudlich died at the age of 94 years in Hoboken. The once youngest member died as the last survivor still the 383 deputies of the First Austrian Reichstag. As his last wish was: "I want home," his urn in 1925 ceremoniously buried in Lobenstein in the ballot Hall of Hans- Kudlich waiting.
Honors
- To what eminence Hans Kudlich still stands today shows that the Eco-Social Forum Austria will present an award that bears the name of "Farmer Liberator ".
- Furthermore, the Johannes Kepler University Linz issues a Hans- Kudlich scholarship.
- Countless streets, squares, commemorative plaques and monuments in Germany, Austria, and in his Moravian- Silesian homeland remember his life's work, such as the 1872 is named after him Kudlichgasse in Vienna-Favoriten.
- On 13 September 1998 unveiled in St. Mary's Church in Schärding, Upper Austria and on 20 September 1998 the town of Gurk, Carinthia, near its famous cathedral more Kudlichdenkmäler.
- Austrian Post was in October 1998 a special stamp, designed by Maria Schulz, out, reminiscent of the 175th birthday of the "peasant Liberator ".
- The first President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, put him with an essay in his book Shadow Conjuration - marginal figures of history, a literary monument.
- In Lower Austria Poysdorf a memorial was erected in front of the Agricultural College in 2000.
More exist in the places Grossenzersdorf, Hanfthal, Waidhofen an der Thaya, as well as in William Castle. Also at the Palais Lower Austria, the former state government there is a known relief.
Works
- Recaps and memories. Moldavia, Budweis, undated
- Recaps and memories. 3 vols hard life, Vienna 1873