Hibiscus
Chinese Roseneibisch (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis )
Hibiscus (Hibiscus ) - in German Marshmallow - is a plant genus of the mallow family ( Malvaceae ) with about 200-675 species. It is mainly distributed in the warmer regions of the world.
Name
The German name Marshmallow ( Middle High German ībesch ( e), Old High German ībisca ) derived from Ancient Greek ( ιβίσκος hibískos), which in turn is derived from the Celtic. With Marshmallow be in English except the genus Hibiscus also the genera Althaea and Abelmoschus ( Bisameibisch ) and the nature Marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis) respectively.
Description
The Hibiscus species grow as an annual or perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs, shrubs and trees. The stalked, simple leaves are lobed in some species. There are Stipules present.
The flowers are usually solitary in the leaf axils, in inflorescences rarely together. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig. It is usually an outer cup present, may have five or more lobes. Five sepals are usually grown bell-shaped. The five petals can have various colors. In the subfamily Malvoideae the stamens of the many stamens are fused into a tube surrounding the stamp, the so-called Columna. The petals are also inseparable from their base with the columna. Five carpels are fused into an ovary. There are five branches pen available with capitate scars.
Are formed fünffächerige capsule fruits.
Use
Varieties of some species are used as ornamental plants for parks, gardens and rooms.
Hibiscus sabdariffa, as well as other mallows, often added rosehip tea and other fruit teas. A popular drink is Hibiskusblütentee not only in Egypt and Sudan as Karkadeh ( كركديه ), but also in Mexico ( Agua de Jamaica). The deep red tea is drunk hot or cold. In the vegetarian cuisine of South Asia ( eg Sri Lanka) of the hibiscus flower is also used in curry dishes.
Pharmaceutically the flowers of Hibiscus are used. Be used for the fruit time harvested, dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and outdoor. The acids such as contained in Citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and Hibiscussäure ( Allohydroxyzitronensäurelacton ) give the sour taste. The anthocyanins such as contained Delphinidin and cyanidin color the dark red tea infusion. Primarily, they are therefore used as an excipient for taste and appearance. Indications such as colds, circulatory problems, mild laxative and appetite stimulation are not used, but widely used in folk medicine. In African traditional medicine Hibiscus is used as a tea.
Species selection
There are 200-675 Hibiscus species ( selection):
- Hibiscus acapulcensis Fryxell
- Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern, occurs in West Africa
- Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray
- Hibiscus bojerianus Baill.
- Hibiscus boryanus DC.
- Hibiscus brackenridgei A. Gray, is found only in Hawaii
- Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav., Is found in Africa and Madagascar
- Hibiscus cameronii Knowles & Westcott
- Kenaf or hemp East India Rose (Hibiscus cannabinus L.): History: tropical Africa and Asia, but occasionally planted in southern Europe
- Hibiscus cisplatinus A. St. - Hil.
- Hibiscus clayi O. Deg. & I. Deg. ; is found only in Hawaii
- Hibiscus coccineus Walter, occurs only in the United States (Florida, Georgia)
- Hibiscus denudatus Benth.
- Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq., Occurs in tropical Africa, Australia and Pacific Islands
- Hibiscus elatus Sw., Is found only in Cuba and Jamaica
- Hibiscus fragilis DC.
- Hibiscus fragrans Roxburgh
- Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. , Arrives in America from Florida to Argentina
- Hibiscus fuscus Garcke
- Hibiscus grandidieri Baill.
- Hibiscus grandiflorus Salisb.
- Hibiscus Siebold & Zucc Hamabo. , Is found only in Japan and Korea
- Hibiscus hasslerianus Hochr.
- Hibiscus hastatus L. f, is only found in New Guinea, Fiji and the Society Islands and Hawaii
- Hibiscus heterophyllus Vent., Occurs in Australia
- Hibiscus indicus ( Burm. f ) Hochr.
- Hibiscus insularis Endl. Homeland: Phillip Island, one of the rarest species of the genus
- Hibiscus laevis Scop. ( Syn: . Hibiscus militaris Cav ), occurs only in the U.S.
- Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav., Komt only in the United States and Mexico
- Hibiscus lavateroides Moric.
- Hibiscus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb. ex Hornem. , occurs in China ( Yunnan ), the Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Indochina, Indonesia, and Hawaii Sungapur
- Sumpfeibisch (Hibiscus moscheutos L.), occurs in the U.S.
- Mandeleibisch (Hibiscus mutabilis L.): History: East Indies, are like a tree with large, lobed leaves and large axillary flowers, which bloom in the morning when white, rose at noon and in the evening purple
- Hibiscus palustris L., Origin: North America, Portugal, Italy, France, Algeria
- Hibiscus paramutabilis LH Bailey, is found only in China
- Hibiscus pedunculatus L. f, is found only in South Africa and Mozambique
- Hibiscus physaloides Guill. & Perr.
- Hibiscus platanifolius ( Willd.) Sweet, is found only in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
- Hibiscus radiatus Cav., Occurs only in tropical America
- Chinese Roseneibisch (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), occur in tropical Asia
- Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), is found in Africa and Asia
- Hibiscus schizopetalus (Dyer ) Hook. f, is found in East Africa
- Hibiscus scotellii Baker f
- Hibiscus scottii Balf. f
- Hibiscus sinosyriacus LH Bailey, is found only in China
- Straucheibisch (Hibiscus syriacus L.), is found in South and East Asia, but is often planted in Southern and Central Europe, there wild
- Linden Leaf Hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.), found in Asia and Australia, but is naturalized in America
- Hours flower (Hibiscus trionum L.), arrives in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East before
- Hibiscus waimeae A. Heller, is found only in Hawaii
- Hibiscus S. yunnanensis Hu Y.