Hordeum murinum

Mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum )

The mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum ) is a sweet grass of the genus of the barley (Hordeum ). It is often called " weeds " viewed in Central Europe. As a forage grass, it is not suitable because the awns can cause mucous membrane irritation.

Description

It is a short grass, which rarely exceeds plant height of 40 inches, but reaches 20 to 30 centimeters on average. The plants can grow both annual, and winter (over the year ). The grass-green leaves reach to just below the ear. The leaf sheath of the uppermost sheet is inflated bulbous and often somewhat obscured the ear.

Like all barley types is the mouse barley corn grass. The ear reaches a total length of 5-12 centimeters. At each node of the ears sit axis three spikelets bloom, namely a strong, zwittriges Mittelährchen and two stalked male and therefore significantly smaller Seitenährchen. The outer glumes of the two outer spikelets are almost reduced to awns. The glumes of the central spikelet are ciliated. The awns of the glumes are long and 2.5 centimeters. The mice barley always blooms when the temperatures were high enough for long enough in Central Europe usually from May to October.

The fruits of the mouse barley are seeded indehiscent fruits ( caryopses ). The edible seeds are very small; hence its name of the plant - barley for mice.

Distribution and habitat requirements

Originally from the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. It is today but in much of the world abducted (Europe, Asia, North and Central America and Australia). In Central Europe it is found in more or less warm and dry places and always on disturbed soils. It is common in settlements or grows in the grassland society of mice barley hall Bromo - Hordeetum Murini.

The mice barley grows more or less dry and warm, nitrogen-rich waste places, such as along roads or roadsides or on walls, even in inner cities under trees or on traffic islands and can be seen as an indicator plant for urban climate. The barbed awns of barley mice remain readily cling to clothing or fur of animals, so this plant can be widely used of such locations. After Ellenberg it is a light plant, a heat indicator, a weak acid to weak base pointer, growing on moderately nitrogen- rich sites and ruderal annuals Verbandscharakterart in moderately warm climate ( Sisymbrion ).

System

From the mice barley ( Hordeum murinum ) five subspecies are known:

• Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum
• Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum ( Steudel ) Tzvelev
• Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.
• Hordeum murinum subsp. montanum ( Hackel ) H. Scholz & Out (a local highland clan of Spain )
• Hordeum murinum subsp. setariurum H. Scholz & Out (a local lowland clan Greece )

Where Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum is diploid (2n = 14 ), whereas Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum a tetraploid (2n = 28) and Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum a hexaploid (2n = 42) chromosomes. All mice barley belong to the so-called Xu genome type. This genomic or karyotypes classify similarities in chromosome structure within the tribe Triticeae of the grass.

Swell

• Roland von Bothmer, N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, RB Jørgensen & I. Linde - Laursen: On ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum. 2nd edition. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 1995, ISBN 92-9043-229-2 (online).
• Frank R. Blattner: Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum ( Poaceae ) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33, No. 2, 2004, pp. 289-299, doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.012.
• Sabine S. Jacob, Frank R. Blattner: Two extinct diploid progenitors were Involved in allopolyploid formation in the Hordeum murinum ( Poaceae: Triticeae) taxon complex. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55, No. 2, 2010, pp. 650-659, doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.021.
• Dietmar Aichele, Heinz -Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. 7th edition. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Cosmos naturalist guide, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-440-05284-2.
• Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4.
• Werner Roth painter ( Lim. ), Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (ed.): Exkursionsflora the territories of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: vascular plants. 14th edition. Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2.
• Ernst folding: Paperback grasses, Paul Parey, Berlin, 1983, ISBN 3-489-60810-0.
• Heinz Ellenberg: vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in ecological, dynamic and historical perspective ( = UTB Science Big Series Volume 8104. . ). 5 heavily modified and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3.
• Pooideae in Australia - Hordeum murinum - Characteristics.