Hyacinth of Poland
Hyacinth of Poland (Polish: Jacek Odrowąż ) (* 1183 in megalithic, Kamien Slaski Pol.; † August 15, 1257 in Kraków ) was a Polish nobleman and priest who is considered the founder of the Dominican Order in Poland. 1594, he was canonized.
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Life
Youth and studies
As the son of Eustace and Beate Koński was Hyacinth (Polish Jacek ) in 1183 at Schloss megalithic - born in Upper Silesia - which belonged to the family since 1104. The Polish noble family Koński belonged to the crest Community Odrowąż why the Polish name Jacek Hyacinth Odrowąż is.
He completed his studies in Paris, Krakow, Prague and Bologna. He became a doctor of canon law and theology. Soon he returned to Poland, where his uncle Iwo Odrowąż, who had been ordained a year earlier as Bishop of Krakow, appointed him to the cathedral canons of the Wawel Cathedral.
Journey to Rome and entered the Dominican Order
There was Hyacinth's visit to Rome in 1217, where he was accompanied to the Germans and Gerhard von Breslau by his brother Ceslaus, the nobleman Hermann. Initiator of the trip was probably Bishop Iwo, which at that time to Pope Honorius III. went to renounce his appointment as Archbishop of Gniezno. There learned Hyacinth Dominic and know he had founded the Dominican Order and became his disciple. On Ash Wednesday 1220 Fellowship of Dominic were inducted into the Order. A wall painting in the Roman basilica of Santa Sabina illustrates the scene of the surrender of the Habits by Dominic at Hyacinth. 1220 took place then the sending Hyacinth with other Polish Dominicans as missionaries to the north or in the direction of Poland.
First monastic foundations
Its mission trip took Hyacinth after Friesach ( Carinthia ), where he in 1221, the first Dominican monastery in the German-speaking world founded and promoted the establishment of the monastery and church. Hermann the German he sat there as an abbot. About Bohemia in 1222 he came back to Krakow, where Bishop Iwo 1222 Trinity Church entrusted to the Dominican Order. This became the basis for Hyacinth's second founding of a monastery. The Krakow Dominican monastery became the main monastery of the Order in Poland. From the Polish Dominicans Hyacinth was entrusted with the further expansion of the Order, which is why many trips to Northern and Eastern Europe led him in the next few years, where many monasteries were founded, such as 1226 in Gdansk, go back to him.
Over time, the number of Polish Dominican monasteries grew rapidly, so that in 1226 the Province of the Order Polonia could be established for the East-Central European space, the provincial Hyacinth was 1228.
Later missionary journeys and death
1228 Hyacinth came to pass in the course of his Russian missionaries to Kiev and founded a monastery here (other sources give the year 1223 as a monastery founded on ). The missionary work was continued after his departure in 1233 and it was followed by monasteries in Halych and Volodymyr- Wolynskyj. As part of his mission to the Prussians, cloisters in Chelm ( 1233 ) and Elbing ( 1236 ). In addition, go to the monastic foundations of Thorn, Sandomierz, Riga, Dorpat and Königsberg back to him. Another mission trip to Rothreußen ( Dominican Convent Przemysl in 1240 ) was ended by the invasion of the Golden Horde, who brought not only the country but also the monasteries heavy destruction. As a result, Hyacinth operated in the reconstruction of monasteries.
He died in Kraków and was buried in the Trinity Church of the Dominican Monastery of Krakow. In the 18th century, was grown in lush Baroque style to the church for his grave to jacinth Chapel ( Kaplica Św. Jacka ).
Hyacinth's worship began soon after his death, because his many miracles, especially Marian apparitions and healings were attributed. That is why he was also called " miracle worker of the century". His canonization took place on April 17, 1594 by Pope Clement VIII. Later, Pope Innocent XI declared him. 1686 Patron of Lithuania. His feast day in the Catholic Church is the 17 August.
Representation in art
Most of the holy Hyacinth is displayed in the habit of his order, otherwise the artistic representation depends on the many surviving legends of the saint. He is often shown with one of his many appearances of Mary, in the healing of sick or with a lily. Other depictions show him a monstrance or paten and a statue of the Virgin as attributes in the hands holding.
For a legend, he had wanted to bring the idea of the Golden Horde in Kiev the Holy of Holies from the burning monastery in safety. However, the condition laid down in the church statue of the Virgin had asked him not to leave them to the enemy. Accordingly, he moved with the alabaster statue and monstrance into his hands through the throngs of the Golden Horde. The Dnepr he overcame through his coat, which he spread as a bridge and should be so again come to Krakow. He is revered as the patron saint of the Dominican and drowning.