Hydraulic engineering
As hydraulic engineering measures, technical interventions and buildings in the area of groundwater, surface waters and seashores are called. Today, less common is the name Hydro technology for this field (see end of table).
Survey
A core area of hydraulic engineering is the water and urban water management. It ensures the provision of potable and non-potable water and provides wastewater discharge and purification safe. The river development as another core area deals with the water maintenance, with the water quality and flood protection.
The agricultural hydraulic engineering support agricultural production through facilities and measures to improve soil management by drainage and irrigation.
The Waterway uses the inland and coastal waters for water transport through the port, channel and coastal structures. The energy of the water is tapped by the hydraulic energy by using existing or newly constructed dams and the construction of hydroelectric power plants and storage tanks.
The diverse fields of work of hydraulic engineering can be divided based on the tasks and objectives:
- Observed and analyzed Specialty Areas: Hydrology, Water Resources Management ( particularly groundwater) ( in functional relationship to meteorology, geology and geography ),
- Protecting and sustaining specialist areas: drinking water and ground water protection, flood and coastal protection, water maintenance and expansion ( in functional relationship to ecology),
- Water- caring fields: water supply of drinking water treatment and supply, Sanitary drinking water supply and sanitation ( in functional relationship to microbiology, biochemistry and chemical engineering ),
- Infrastructure -building fields: Waterway with channel, lock and harbor construction and the associated coastal protection measures (in close connection to the earth and foundation ).
The disciplines of hydraulic engineering attack as part of civil engineering back to the basic engineering calculation and planning methods. The basis for the assessment of surface and underground water amounts are recognized methods of hydrology for which the Hydrometrie and Hydrology belong. This subject is closely related to meteorology, geology and geography.
Of particular importance for hydraulic have the hydraulic calculation method for water at rest ( fluid statics) and in motion ( fluid dynamics). These computational methods are complemented by a strong water- architectural experimentation, in particular to explore fundamental hydraulic operations to explore that flow management in multi-unit river systems and to port facilities as well as to explore the dynamics of ocean waves, as close these processes of purely mathematical and analytical assessment. These physical models are supplemented or been replaced by computer-based modeling that have been possible in recent years with increasing performance of mainframe computers.
Wastewater treatment plant for waste water treatment
Boat lift
Coastal protection - Eidersperrwerk
Word combinations with the syllable Hydro characterize the relationship with water ( from the ancient Greek word nὕδωρ ( hudōr ) for water). In the professional technical application combinations are used for example as hydrology or hydraulics. With hydro technology and the hydraulic is marked, but the professional technical use has become less common. More word combinations with hydro have been used by companies to naming to own main activities in the water sector to identify ( Hydrotech, Hydro Technology ). In English-speaking word combinations with hydro are a technically more widespread and common, especially in the field of energy production.
Historical Development
The current principal directions of hydraulic engineering have evolved with the settlement history of man: evidence for hydraulic engineering measures can therefore be found in all cultures of the world. The first major human settlements and cities in Europe around 3000 BC led to a water demand that could be met only by artificial interference with the natural water cycle. For this, the first dams were built as a storage in depressions and valleys of earth dams, which served the water supply of settlements and irrigation. For watering already 600 BC technical systems to have been used in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
The irrigated agriculture has also left early testimonies of hydraulic engineering activities with memories, supply channels and Regelungsbauten. The settlements were also - especially near the river - to protect against flooding. An early example is the flood protection to the city of Tiryns on the Peloponnese to about 2000 BC
With increasing trade and fishing tasks of the port construction and coastal protection had to be solved. Early on, the use of water was tapped as an energy source by the construction of mills. A special importance was hydraulic engineering measures in mining to - both in the dewatering of the pits as well as the power supply to.
Experts in hydraulic engineering
The tasks of hydraulic engineering are usually perceived by water engineers, who specialize in the framework of civil and environmental engineering studies on this area, and often executed craftsmanship of water farmers.
The many types of problems are usually solved by interdisciplinary cooperation with other departments and professionals, such as computer scientists, process engineers, microbiologists, biochemists or earth and foundation engineers, geologists and geographers.
Others
In the German Bundestag in mid- 2007, " free -flowing rivers " formed a parliamentary group. Their common goal is to prevent the development of the Danube and other rivers. She had in the 17th legislative period (2009-2013 ) about 41 Bundestag deputies as members.