Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi
Muhammad ibn Sa ʿ d Arabic محمد بن سعد بن منيع البصري, أبو عبد الله, DMG Muḥammad b. Sa ʿ d b. Mani ʿ al - Basri, Abū ʿ Abd Allāh (* 784 in Basra, † 845 in Baghdad ) was an Arab historian and well-known student of al - Waqidi.
His life
About his life little is known. In his younger years, he lived for a time in Medina, later joined the circle of the historian and author Maghazi al - Waqidi in Baghdad, and was its secretary. He is characterized as " the scribe of al - Waqidi " Katib al - Waqidi / كاتب الواقدي / kātibu ʾ l - Waqidi become known. He also studied the Koranic readings that sog.ḥurūf in the circle of his teacher. His book on the biography of the Prophet is mostly due to the writings of al - Waqidi and the biography of the Prophet by Ibn Ishaq in a no longer present today review, which he knew to be supplemented with other reports. The Traditionarer and hadith critics have recognized him as a credible narrator of the statements of Muhammad.
His works
His main work is the Kitab at- Tabaqat al - kabir / كتاب الطبقات الكبير / kitāb aṭ - Tabaqat al Kabir /, The Big Book class ', whose first part is a detailed biography of the Prophet Mohammed. That is why it is also called as achbar to - nabiy / أخبار النبي / Ahbar to - nabiy /, the reports of the Prophet ', to which he added the biographies of the Companions and their successors until the year 844-845. The model for this was an eponymous book by al - Waqidi, that is no longer maintained. The work is preserved in the review of his student Ibn Abi Usama († 895 in Baghdad ) in multiple copies. In another review the work of the early 11th century by Ibn 'Abd al -Barr in Islamic Spain has been used. at- Tabari evaluated his reports in his world history.
Some sections only knew Ibn Sa'd with the name to be described people were filled by his students. One of them, al -Husayn ibn Fahm († 902), has even made an entry for him: " Muhammad ibn Sa'd, the disciple of al - Waqidi " ... " He is the one that this book, the Book class had written, produced and provided with chapters and what you (now ) handed down after him "
The emergence of this genre of historiography which directly adjoins the sira and Maghazi literature, was not originally intended as a manual for the critique of tradition, but as a source of early Islamic history - represented in the biographies of the first Muslim generations, first in Mecca and Medina and then, chronologically and geographically arranged, in the conquered provinces.
This comprehensive work has been published in the arrangement of the original from Eduard Sachau under the participation of German Orientalists in eight volumes with an index volume: " Ibn Saad: biographies of Muhammad, his companions and the later support of Islam until the year 230 the run". Under the title variant at- Tabaqat al - kubra / الطبقات الكبرى / aṭ - Tabaqat al - Kubra /, the large class book ' it is in the East several times, was last in 1968 in Beirut, reprinted.
A previously unknown manuscript of the work, which complements the biographies of the successors of the Prophet's companions and their descendants who lived in Medina, under the title al - Qism al - mutammim li - ahl al- Madina tabi'i wa -man ba ' dahum / القسم المتمم لتابعي أهل المدينة ومن بعدهم / al - Qism al - ʿ ī Tabi mutammim li - ahl al- Madina wa -man ba ʿ da -hum been published in 1987 in Medina.
The work is divided according to the original as follows:
- Volume I. Part 1: Biography of Muhammad to escape (ed. Eugene Wednesday), . Part 2: Biography of Muhammad. Events of his Medinan period, personnel description and habits. (Ed. Eugene Wednesday and Eduard Sachau ).
- Band. II Part 1: The campaigns of Muhammad. (Ed. Joseph Horovitz ); Part 2: Recent illness, death and funeral of Muhammad, together with grief poems about him. Biographies of connoisseurs of Canon Law and the Koran, who were active during the lifetime of the Prophet and in the following generation in Medina. (Ed. Friedrich Schwally ).
- Band. III. Part 1: biographies of Muhammad's Meccan fighters in the battle of Badr. (Ed. Eduard Sachau ); Part 2: Biographies of Muhammad's Medinan fighters in the battle of Badr. (Ed. Joseph Horovitz ).
- Volume IV Part 1: biographies of Muhāǧirūn and the Ansar who are not fought by at Bedr, but have been converted early, all emigrated to Abyssinia and who then participated in the Battle of Ohod. (Ed. Julius Lippert ); Part 2: Biographies of the companions who were converted before the conquest of Mecca, the last date where an Islam was still voluntary and particularly meritorious (ed. Julius Lippert ).
- Volume V: The biographies of the successor in Medina, as well as the companions and successors in the rest of Arabia. (Ed. K. V. Zetterstéen ).
- Volume VI: biographies of Kufaites. (Ed. K. V. Zetterstéen ).
- Volume VII Part 1: biographies of Basrier. (Ed. Bruno Meissner ); Part 2: biographies of Basrier from the third grade to the end and the Aryan tradition in other parts of Islam. (Ed. Eduard Sachau ).
- Volume VIII: biographies of women. (Ed. Carl Brockelmann ).
All volumes contain critical comments about the source edition and a substantive summary of biographies in German.
The Kitab at- Tabaqat al- Saghir / كتاب الطبقات الصغير / kitāb aṭ - Tabaqat aṣ - Sagir /, The small class book ' wrote Ibn Sa'd probably before his above-mentioned work. When Ibn al - Nadim, a kitab al - hiyal / كتاب الحيل / kitāb al - ḥiyal called a book on " right tricks " in Islamic jurisprudence, which has not survived.