Inuleae
Rough Elecampane (Inula hirta )
The Tribe Inuleae belongs to the subfamily herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It contains about 40 to 60 plant species with about 500 to 600 species.
- 3.1 Alphabetical list of species
- 4.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
There are usually one or two years or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or small trees. The basal rosettes or distributed in the stem, usually alternate, rarely opposite constantly arranged leaves are petiolate or sessile and usually simple or rarely divided fiedrig. The leaf margins are smooth, toothed or serrated.
Generative features
The bloom conditions are sometimes individually or often branched, doldentraubigen, paniculate or racemose inflorescences total together. The flower heads are more or less disc-shaped. The more or less different in shape and size bracts are rarely together in only two, usually three to more than seven rows; their edges and tips are usually paper-like. The flat to convex, concave rarely inflorescence soil is mostly hairless. In the basket- shaped inflorescence are tongue and tubular flowers. All flowers are usually yellow, sometimes reddish purple to rare. At the edge are usually one, rarely two or more rows zygomorpher ray florets, so-called ray florets; they are mostly female and fertile. The radial symmetry tubular flowers, called disc florets are hermaphroditic and all fertile, usually with four, rarely five corolla lobes. The anthers have appendages. At the pen no appendages are usually recognizable.
All achenes of fructification are mostly the same and often ribbed. In this tribe is usually a pappus present. The Pappusborsten are mostly bearded until rare feathery.
Dissemination
The taxa of the tribe Inuleae have their original home mainly in the Old World. In North America, they spread with several genera and many species mainly by the people from ( neophytes ). The main distribution area is located in Eurasia and northern Africa. They thrive in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas.
System
The Tribe Inuleae was erected in 1819 by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d' Histoire Naturelle des Arts, 88, pp. 193-195. Type genus is Inula L.. Inula The botanical genus name is derived from the Greek word for hinaein empty, clean here, this refers to the laxative effect of the " rhizome " of some Inula species.
From the once much larger tribe Inuleae the tribe Gnaphalieae were spun; before this tribe had a circumference of up to 200 genera and 2000 species. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus of the tribe Inuleae Cass. and Plucheeae ( Cass. ex Dum. ) Anderberg was discussed at length and it is since Anderberg et al. 2005 by two subtribe Plucheinae Cass. ex Dum. and Inulinae ( Cass. ) Dum. within the tribe Inuleae.
Alphabetical list of species
The Tribe Inuleae contains approximately (40 to ) 60 genera with about 500 to 600 species.
- Adelostigma Steetz
- Allagopappus Cass. With two of the Canary Islands -based evergreen shrubs.
- Allopterigeron Dunlop
- Amblyocarpum fish. & Mey. With the only kind: Amblyocarpum inuloides fish. & Mey.
- Oxeye ( Buphthalmum salicifolium L.)
- Caesulia axillaris Roxb. It comes in the Himalaya: India, Nepal, Burma ago.
- Jasonia bocconei
- Karelinia caspia ( Pallas ) Lessing: It comes in the central and southwestern Asia, Caspian region.
- Salt Elecampane ( Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort. )
- Limbarda salsoloides ( Turcz. ) Ikonn.
- Merrittia benguetensis ( Elm. ) Merr. Homeland, the Philippines.
- Nanothamnus sericeus Thoms.
- Neojeffreya decurrens (L.) Cabrera: It originates from Madagascar and is now widespread in parts of Africa.
- Ondetia linearis from Namibia.
- Pechuel - Loeschea leubnitziae from the capensis.
- Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D' Arcy
- Large Telekie ( Telekia speciosa ( Schreb. ) Baumg. )
- Small Telekie ( Telekia speciosissima (L.) Less. )
Swell
- Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae: Tribe Inuleae, pp. 471 - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 19 - Magnoliophyta: unranked ( in part): Asteraceae, part 1, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 (Section Description and systematics)
- Chen Yousheng & Arne Anderberg: Tribe Inuleae, pp. 820-845 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng - Yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 20-21 - Asteraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 12, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Section Description and systematics)
- Jose L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 47, No. 2, 2008, pp. 757-782, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.011, PDF file.
- Arne A. Anderberg, Pia Eldenäs: Tribe Inuleae. In: Joachim W. Kadereit, Charles Jeffrey (ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume 8: Flowering Plants: eudicots, Asterales. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1, pp. 374-391.
- Arne A. Anderberg, Pia Eldenäs, Randall J. Bayer & Markus Englund: Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae ) evidenced by DNA sequences of ndhF; with notes on the systematic positions of some aberrant genera. In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. Volume 5, No. 2, June 10, 2005, pp. 135-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.ode.2004.10.015, full text.