Pallenis
Pallenis spinosa
Pallenis is a genus of flowering plants from the sunflower family ( Asteraceae ) with six species. It is spread mainly around the Mediterranean.
Description
Pallenis are subshrubs or perennial or annual herbaceous plant with upright to lying down growth and softly hairy, irregular or scheindichotom branched stems. The stem leaves are alternate arranged, sessile, half amplexicaul, entire, spatulate to oblong, rounded at the tip pointed up with spike tip.
The individual heads are terminal. The shell is broadly bell-shaped to broadly cup-shaped, the bracts are dachziegelig in one to three circles. The outer bracts are leaf-like with lederigem, straw-colored ground, spreading, spatulate, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, entire; the tip is rounded to pointed with barbed or pointed mandrel tip. The basket bottom is flat to concave. The chaff leaves are membranous, keeled, and include the tubular flowers.
The ray florets are female and yellow and stand upright to spread in one to three rows. The triangular flower tube is slightly hairy. The tongue is three-lobed, oblong to obovate; Staminodes are very small or absent. The stylus is cylindrical and forked. The densely bristly achenes are in outline either lens-shaped or obovate, yellowish to brownish and included in the epidermis crystal sand. The pappus consists of tiny, irregular scales.
The tubular flowers are hermaphroditic and divided into tube and hem. The flower tube is brownish and almost cylindrical. The hem is yellow, similar fünfgelappt. The anthers are narrow oblong, arrow-shaped at the base. The stylus is cylindrical and forked. The achenes are yellowish to brownish, irregularly three to four square to approximately cylindrical and often somewhat compressed. The pappus consists of dark brown to colorless, arranged like a crown, free, tailed at the top to irregular gesägtren shed.
All types have low basic chromosome numbers, either x = 5 or x = 6
Dissemination
Pallenis is common in deserts and coastal areas around the Mediterranean and the Middle East, she is there often. The diversity center located in North Africa.
Systematics and Botanical History
The genus belongs to the tribe Inuleae and comprises six species. Their systematic history is extremely complicated. Wiklund typifizierte in the 1980s, the genre Asteriscus with Pallenis spinosa, so that all species of the genus Pallenis had to be renamed to Asteriscus, while the species of the genus present Asteriscus were asked to Bubonium or nauplius. Based on an earlier and thus valid typification of the genus Asteriscus with Asteriscus aquaticus separated Werner Greuter the genus Pallenis back of Asteriscus from.
Subsequent molecular analyzes confirmed the independence of the genus and substantiate their monophyly. As might be expected, is the most closely related genus Asteriscus.
Anvillea
Asteriscus
Pallenis spinosa
Pallenis hierichuntica
Pallenis maritima
The genus Pallenis can be divided into two sub- genera and six species:
- Subgenus Pallenis: Pallenis cuspidata Pomel: History Maghreb.
- Pallenis cyrenaica Alavi: History of Libya.
- Stinging star eye ( Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass - type of the genus.): History Mediterranean.
- Pallenis teknensis ( Dobignard & Jacquemoud ) Greuter & Jury: homeland Morocco.
- Pallenis hierichuntica ( Michon ) Greuter: History North Africa, Southwest Asia - mostly " Pallenis hierochuntica " written.
- Coastal beach star ( Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter ): History Western Mediterranean.