Jacob Isaacksz. van Ruisdael
Isaackszoon Jacob van Ruisdael (c. 1628-29 in Haarlem, buried March 14, 1682 ) was a Dutch landscape painter and etcher.
Life and work
About the life of Jacob van Ruisdael 's just very little to me, but to be scattered about the museums and collections of the world 's oeuvre is comparatively large. He was the only son of the landscape painter and Rahmenbauers Isaack van Ruisdael, in which he probably made his training, as well as the nephew of Salomon van Ruysdael and the cousin of Jacob Salomonsz. van Ruysdael (note the different spelling of the family name ). So He spent his youth at home in Haarlem, which was a prosperous city with a blossoming beer and textile industry until mid-century. Landscape painting had been established in 1600, among others, by Adam Elsheimer and Paul Bril as an independent genre of Dutch painting and the establishment was founded in the affluent Haarlem. (See the article in Dutch landscape painting). Already from 1646 comes the first paintings of the 17- year-old, not less than 13 signed and dated landscapes are obtained from this year. First still dependent on the manner of his uncle and his Haarlem contemporaries, such as Cornelis Vroom (* 1590) or Pieter de Molijn (* 1595 ), Ruisdael soon finds to his own style. Him featuring dramatic accents by contrast lighting, powerful motifs and differentiated reproduction of natural forms. Accurate observations of nature in the woods and dunes around Haarlem reflected in the resulting drawings, which runs in front of the motif served as the basis of scenic design in the studio. In 1648 he joined the painters' guild in his hometown. With his friend Nicolaes Berchem Haarlem he undertook in 1650 a trip to Bentheim, whose castle appears in the following period to twelve of his landscapes. Since the trips this year that led him through the Netherlands and the Middle Rhine, the image structure in the landscapes of Ruisdael is again powerful: majestic tree lots and impressive cloudscape be added to sublime compositions. About 1655 Ruisdael went to Amsterdam, where he in 1657 a member of the Reformed Church. On January 15, 1659, he acquired the citizenship of Amsterdam, the poorterrecht.
In the 1650s and even more so 1660s he shows himself strongly influenced by the waterfall motifs that had Allart van Everdingen ( he also went in the 1650s from Haarlem to Amsterdam) brought from Norway and processed in its dramatic, often high scale landscapes. Other pictures of late years offer a wide view into the flat country, with strong contrasts of light and piled clouds stage a city view and the idea of a beautiful, embedded in nature, but hard-working community ( in the several views of the bleaching meadows in front of Haarlem ) can cause. Several versions of a dark forest swamp or the Jewish cemetery also show a more melancholy aspect in the rich gamut of possibilities of expression of the painter. Waters play a certain role in his work, as already stressed Houbraken, but pure Marine Images are rare. Topographic reliability is not expected principle of Ruisdael's views, it is subordinate to artistic compositional goals in the rule. However, how realistic he worked in detail, showing a ( the viewer of art in many galleries possible ) direct comparison between the Jakob precisely painted foliage and summarily spotted growth of the trees of his uncle Salomon. The semantic content of his motives always goes back beyond the representational, but the possible explanations (eg directional than life paths, mill wings as cross symbols, patriotic connotation of the cultivated landscape ), which can be developed as from the contemporary emblems, how often in the Dutch painting rather variable options as clearly -determined specifications.
1678 Ruisdael is mentioned as a doctorate in Caen doctor Houbraken confirms this ( certainly only short ) profession. One of his clients was the Amsterdam Cornelis de Graeff regent, which shows Ruisdael when moving to his estate Soestdijk. On July 8, 1660 Ruisdael stated that the painter Meindert Hobbema had been his apprentice for several years, in 1668 he was the best man. On May 23, 1667, he dictated an Amsterdam notary his will on 27 May of the same year, he withdrew it and put his father as an heir for his death; married van Ruisdael was not obvious. In 1671 he was godfather at the baptism of two children of the painter Cornelis Kick. Probably Jacob van Ruisdael died in Amsterdam and was posthumously brought to Haarlem and was buried there on March 14, 1682.
Ruisdael's work was first reproduced in engravings and disseminated; some leaves Ruisdael etched itself, they too are likely to have contributed to the fame of the painter, whose motives and compositions have influenced the landscape painting unique to the end of the 19th century.
Works (selection)
Among the best known works of Jacob van Ruisdael include the following:
- View of Haarlem from the dunes, canvas, 38 × 37 cm. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.
- The Great Forest, canvas, 140 × 181 cm. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum.
- The Jewish cemetery, canvas, 84 × 95 cm. Dresden, Gemäldegalerie.
- The Jewish cemetery, canvas, 142.2 x 189.2 cm, 1654/1655, The Detroit Institute of Arts.
- Dunes, 1646, canvas, 105 × 163 cm. St Petersburg, Hermitage Museum
- Bentheim Castle, 1653, oil on canvas, Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland.
- Hilly landscape, canvas, 36.5 x 47 cm. Husum, North Sea Museum - Nissenhaus.
- Landscape with water mill, 1661, wood, 63 × 79 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum
- Forest Landscape, 1678, canvas, 60 × 75 cm. Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland.
- Forest Swamp, canvas, 73 × 99 cm. St Petersburg, Hermitage.
- Waterfall at Castle Bentheim, canvas, 68 × 54 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum.
- Winter landscape canvas, 42 × 49 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum.
- The Mill at Wijk, canvas, 83 × 101 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum
- Steeple of the Protestant Reformed Church in Bad Bentheim Guild House
Hunting
Marine
Mill at Wijk at Duurstede
Bentheim Castle