Jan Dismas Zelenka
Jan Dismas Zelenka (* baptized October 16, 1679 in Launiowitz, today Louňovice pod Blaníkem, in Bohemia, † December 23, 1745 in Dresden, actually January Lukáš Zelenka ) was a Baroque composer of Bohemian origin.
Life
Zelenka was the son of a Czech village teacher and organist and was at Prague's Jesuit College, probably Clementinum formed. 1709/1710 he was in the service of the imperial governor Ritter Johann Hubert Hartig, with whom he kept in touch until his death in 1741. In 1710 he accepted a position as violinist and bassist at the Saxon court in Dresden. Between 1716 and 1719 he traveled to Vienna, where he studied under Johann Joseph Fux. A widely suspected stay in Italy, where he is said to have taken Antonio Lotti and Alessandro Scarlatti is not occupied. After the death of the Dresden Kapellmeister Johann David Heinichen in 1729, he had during his illness already present, he applied to Elector Friedrich August II to its successor, but lost Johann Adolf Hasse. In 1733 he became only the court composer and in 1735 was appointed "Church Compositeur " and he remained, except for occasional trips to Prague, until his death in 1745 in Dresden. His grave in the old Catholic cemetery is not maintained. Since 1996, recalls in the cemetery a memorial stele at him.
Work
Jan Dismas Zelenka composed highly original and unconventional orchestral and vocal works. Many of them experienced a renaissance in the last third of the 20th century. Characteristic of his compositions is the frequent installation tonart strange chords. In his outstanding sacred music for the Dresden court (since the politically motivated conversion of Augustus the Strong to the Catholic faith ), he combines some archaic set of techniques with the most modern means of expression of its time highly expressive creations.
In his instrumental compositions Zelenka as his famous successor Bedřich Smetana and Antonín Dvořák is often true, but not limited to, the typical " folk style ." Yet it seems that sometimes made specification " Czech Vivaldi" partly covered and partly not appropriate. Zelenka's works themselves ranks while in the other Bohemians, who were outside their home employment and recognition, such as Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Andreas Hammerschmidt, Gottfried Finger, Joseph Mysliveček and Jan Křtitel Vaňhal, but remains unique.
The chamber works by Zelenka are nonspecific in instrumentation, as well as the late works of Johann Sebastian Bach, who was also working for the Dresden court in his Leipzig period. Jan Dismas Zelenka addition to a rich Czech, though often rely anonymous tradition. As a Czech composer before Adam Václav Michna z Zelenka about Otradovic or Pavel Josef Vejvanovský could be mentioned.
Zelenka's compositions were summarized and cataloged by musicologist Wolfgang Reich in Zelenka - Werke-Verzeichnis ( ZWV ).
Aftereffect
Zelenka owes its rediscovery in the Czech Republic especially the musicologist and flutist Milan Munclinger. In 1959 he recorded with his ensemble Ars Rediviva for the label Supraphon one of the chamber sonatas ( in the Ars rediviva concert cycle but in 1958 listed ). In 1964, then followed the recordings of another trio sonatas, orchestral works and 1969, the Lamentations of Jeremiah Prophetae ( Soloists: Theo Altmeyer, Karel Berman, Nedda Casei; Ars rediviva under the leadership of Milan Munclinger ), also for Supraphon.
Since the mid- 1970s, the inventiveness and virtuosity of Zelenka's body of work that moves away considerably from the popular styles of the 18th century, are increasingly appreciated. Played a decisive role in the rediscovery of the works Zelenka had the oboist Heinz Holliger, the 1972 recordings of the six trio sonatas for the label DGG Archive headed production and in 1977 at the recording of the orchestral works ( also DGG Archiv Produktion ) was involved. Because of the relationship to the musical ideas of Johann Sebastian Bach Zelenka is increasingly recognized as its counterpart. JS Bach himself valued his colleagues very thing based on reciprocity.
One of the most important interpreters Zelenkascher church music is the Marburg Bach Choir, founded in 1966 by students at the University of Marburg. Under the direction of tungsten Wehnert (formerly College of Music and Drama, Hanover ) earned the supra-regional choir by the numerous revivals of Zelenka's music 1978-1990, especially the Missa Dei Patris, the Missa votiva and many others unique to the part compositions, international recognition. With Zelenka's music, the ensemble with several major orchestras traveled through many European countries and contributed to many festivals so greatly to the renaissance of the music of Zelenka.
In addition, the work of church music Zelenka is maintained at the Dresden Court Church has always been, for example, by Dresdner Kapellknaben, as it is also documented in radio and sound recordings.
It is recorded no authentic portrait of Zelenka. In the Internet often found alleged pictures Zelenka represent, in fact Johann Joseph Fux dar.
Works
Instrumental music
- 6 Trio Sonatas for 2 Oboes or oboe and violin, bassoon and basso continuo ( ZWV 181).
- Several orchestral works for different occupations designated, " Capriccio " ( ZWV 182-185; 190)
- "Concerto" ( ZWV 186)
- " Simphonie " ( ZWV 189)
- " Hipocondria " ( ZWV 187)
Sacred vocal music
- 21 Mass settings: Missa Sancta Caeciliae, G major ( ZWV 1, ca 1711)
- Missa Judica me, F major ( ZWV 2, 1714)
- Missa Corporis Domini, C major ( ZWV 3, about 1719)
- Missa Sancti Spiritus, D major ( ZWV 4, 1723)
- Missa memory, C major ( ZWV 5, 1724 [ missing ] )
- Missa Fidei, C major ( ZWV 6, 1725)
- Missa Paschalis, D major ( ZWV 7, 1726)
- Missa Nativitatis Domini, D major ( ZWV 8, 1726)
- Missa Corporis Domini, D major ( ZWV 9, ca 1727)
- Missa Charitatis, D major ( ZWV 10, 1727)
- Missa Circumcisionis DNJC, D major ( ZWV 11, 1728)
- Missa Divi Xaverii, D major ( ZWV 12, 1729 )
- Missa Gratias tibi AGIMUS, D major ( ZWV 13, 1730)
- Missa Sancti Josephi, D major ( ZWV 14, ca 1731)
- Missa eucharistica, D major ( ZWV 15, 1733)
- Missa Purificationis BVM, D major ( ZWV 16, 1733)
- Missa Sanctissimae Trinity, A minor ( ZWV 17, 1736)
- Missa Votiva, E minor ( ZWV 18, 1739 )
- Missa Dei Patris, C major ( ZWV 19, 1740)
- Missa Dei Filii, C major ( ZWV 20, 1740 )
- Missa Omnium Sanctorum, a- Moll ( ZWV 21, 1741)
- Lamentations of Jeremiah ( ZWV 53, 54 )
- Responsoria per Hebdomada Sancta ( ZWV 55)
- 2 Miserere ( ZWV 56; 57)
- Il serpente del brooklyn ( ZWV 61)
- Gesù al Calvario ( ZWV 62)
- I penitento al Sepolchro del Redentore ( ZWV 63)
Secular vocal music
- Sub olea pacis: Melodrama de Sancto Wenceslao ( ZWV 175 )
- 8 Italian arias ( ZWV 176)
- Serenata ' Il diamante ' ( ZWV 177), 1737
- 2 cancer canon ' Emit amor' ( ZWV 178)
- Cantilena circularis ' Vide Domine ' ( ZWV 179)
Discount
The estate of Jan Dismas Zelenka comprises approximately 90 catalog numbers with music autographs and is kept in the Music Department of the SLUB Dresden: Signature: Mus.2358 ...