Jinn
The Djinn (Pl. Arab جن, DMG ǧinn, Sg male Jinni جني / ǧinnī, Sg female. Dschinnīya جنية / ǧinnīya ) are according to the Islamic faith invisible demon like creatures that are created from fire, have sense and besides the people populating the world. Only in exceptional situations, they are the people visible. The Islamic Djinn faith was taken from the pre-Islamic Arabia.
- 3.1 Literature
- 3.2 Movies
- 5.1 See also
The Djinn faith in pre-Islamic Arabia
In pre-Islamic Arabia there were demons and spirits of nature that embodied an enemy to the people outside. Up to the time of the Prophet Mohammed, the jinn had become impersonal and characterless heavenly beings, responsible for unusual things. In this presentation, they took the early Islamic Arabs and made them companions of Allah.
As an jinn whereabouts prefer deserts, forests, bush and shrub landscapes, ruins, tombs and snake pits. Also they love places that are dark or damp, such as holes in the ground or a hamam, especially at night. During the day they move generally in the air above the human sphere to sphere directly below the angels, from where they can eavesdrop occasionally talks of the angels. This knowledge may in special circumstances, certain people communicate. The benefit is controversial. They have families ( the popularly knows many stories of people who were married with jinns - Rafik Shami has such a connection even a story dedicated ), religious affiliations, likes and dislikes.
The Djinn faith in Islam
Statements in the Quran
In the Qur'an, jinn are frequently mentioned. You is its own dedicated Sure (Sura 72). Specifically the promulgation of the Prophet applies not only to people but also just for the jinn. Djinn can be distinguished in the Qur'anic creation story of angels in that they ( f Sura 15:26; 55:14 f) of " smokeless fire " are created, whereas the angels were created from light. How do people want the jinn " be created to serve God " (Sura 51:56 ). In addition, there are believers and unbelieving jinn, the unbelieving jinn will go to hell (Sura 6:128; 11:119; 32:13: 41:25 ). At the time of the Prophet questioned some jinn fixed at a meeting that she no longer heard the angels speak. They set forth to find out the reason. They found Mohammed when he was reading the Koran. This happened precisely because the Prophet for jinn as well as for the people revealed the Koran. These jinn converted to Islam, since they had experienced everything she had to know (Qur'an 72:1-19; 46:29-32 ).
Djinn ideas in popular belief
According to Islamic folklore jinns are divided into different classes, which are distinguished depending on the action and motivation. They are commonly divided into three types of jinn and various sub-groupings:
- Demons that harm people and terror. Here are the powerful, the ghoul, which is very powerful, the Sila, the even more powerful with a decided impulse to destroy the Ifrit and the strongest of the Marid
- Intermediate beings that inhabit as the people 's creation and do not occur particularly in appearance and
- Doubles of people.
A fundamental characteristic of the jinn is their lack of individuality. In addition, there are some special jinn who bear its own name and act as Djinn saints or as disease-causing spirits. The latter includes the revered and feared Aisha Qandisha in northern Morocco. Just as angels jinn are creatures that like people, animals, plants, microbes, bacteria and viruses populate the creation. They are like the people the laws of the Koran. But you have such a will of their own people and can also be deliberately turn against the laws of God and can be just as these seek their salvation ( through charity, prayer, fasting, etc.). And just as among men there are among the jinn even those with good and others with an evil character - but mostly with a little bit of both.
Whole Djinn peoples live among others under the water of the oceans, organized in feudal hierarchies. In areas of the seabed that are not men and never accessible in spite of modern technology, there are kingdoms and principalities of the jinn. These can, if they like it or they are forced by spells, but this is rarely rise to the sea shores of the water, to go ashore and there among other poor fishermen, they find there, with rich finds of precious coral, jewels, pearls, and many other treasures that will bear the seabed, give presents.
The residence of the Djinn on earth are located mainly in special landforms outside of civilization. These include certain hilltops, cliffs, caves or springs in valleys. Also, forests are among their preferred places of residence. Such places in the wild are often in the Middle East ( " occupied " ) simply as Maskun referred and are avoided.
Widely used is the belief that a person who is invited in a dream or in reality by a jinn and follows him, disappearing into his world and will never be seen again. The same reports also the Nordic soul and Maren beliefs about fairies. Many return after strange long times back into the world and attract when they behave awkwardly, all kinds of attention - mostly negative kind Other stories tell that one must be silent when you meet a jinn or one would lose his tongue ( figuratively: the language ).
Jinn should be able to transform into animals or objects, or be able to take possession of other living beings. There are also quite different opinions, how old can a jinn. Thus handed down for example, that the life force ceases only when the magic power or power, such as able to transform himself, are depleted. Most, however, a life of several hundred years is reported (after the Solomonic tradition of several thousand years ). Other traditions speak of relative immortality, that is, they die a natural death, but could very well be killed.
The jinn also play an important role in the faith of Muslims in Southeast Asia. The Malay Chronicles of Bima ( Sumbawa ) is described that the sultans of this city themselves descended in a direct line from the founding father of the jinn. So you no human ancestry is attributed, but a descent of spirit beings. Thus, they stand out clearly from their subjects from, which are described as descendants of Adam. The chronicle describes not only the origin of the dynasty, but also that of all other beings that inhabit the visible and invisible world. Hence also its title " The story of the origin of the people of the jinn and the entire Dews " ( Ceritera asal bangsa dan jin segala dewa - dewa ).
Precautions against jinn
According to the legends, the jinn have a great dislike for metals of all kinds, making the Scary to use. Silver is here the most frequently mentioned metal to help him against jinn; it will burn their skin. Counter the effects of the jinn advises the Turkish people faith to carry Cevşen, a mostly leather amulet, are involved in the Quranic verses and prayers. And depending on the interpretation of the jinn (if it was because evil) shrink or create the words of God, the order by returning the genie back into its world from the holy words. Protection against the jinn offer amulets, the Hand of Fatima and the blessing power Baraka that emanates from places of pilgrimage, are where Islamic saint venerated.
Djinn Summons
The invocation is forbidden in the Islamic faith, yet the practice of necromancy and magic, especially in Africa, is widespread. To summon jinn should give them terrible torments, causing them to rebel against the summoner and do not meet his wishes, but his fears. This sometimes achieved by a somewhat subtle interpretation of these - often very selfish and material - to be desired. Just think as compared to the legend of King Midas, even if it comes from a different mythological circle. Therefore, it would discourage such an evocation, even if it would work.
By summoning (eg by quoting or false quoting of verses from the Koran on a medium such as water, fire, earth, air, wood, paper, etc. ) and meetings with the jinn can be enforced. However, this incantation prepares the jinn immense pain, which is why they are reluctant to cooperate with the people, but rather thwart his wishes, to interpret its detriment or even revenge in the worst case, the Summoner.
In the Comoros is held on the evenings of the month damage ʿ bān for the jinn special magical- religious ceremonies, which are accompanied by music, singing and dancing and are called ( "Dance of the Djinn " ) Ngoma za madjini. By satisfying the jinn in this way, one tries to get her to stay away in the next month of Ramadan by the people, so that they will not be disturbed while fasting.
Djinn in the literature
In the "Letters of Lauteren brothers " ( rasa'il Ikhwan as- safa 'wa al - wafa chillan ) the jinn also play an important role. A trial described here to the problem of whether people are allowed to perform as a ruler over the animals, contains a lot of Revealing about the jinn.
Numerous jinn also appear in the tales of 1001 nights. The story of Aladdin and the Magic Lamp is one of the most famous fairy tales that are narrated in Europe as " Tales of 1001 Nights ." With the help of a jinn, a good spirit from the oil lamp, it is his adventures.