Jules Baillarger

Jules Gabriel François Baillarger ( born March 26, 1809 in Montbazon, † December 31, 1890 in Paris) was a French neurologist and psychiatrist.

Life

Baillarger studied with Jean -Etienne Esquirol (1772-1840) in Paris and has worked as an assistant while studying at the Charenton mental hospital. He received his doctorate in 1837 with a study on the starting point of meningeal hemorrhage. In 1840 he accepted a position at the Salpêtrière and was later medical director of the psychiatric clinic at Ivry. In 1842 he was awarded by the Académie de médecine for his work on the hallucinations. Along with Jacques -Joseph Moreau (1804-1884), François Achille Longet (1811-1871) and Laurent Alexis Philibert Cerise (1807-1869) he called 1843 the journal Annales médico- psychologiques to life, which is to this day still published. When the cholera epidemics of 1849 and 1865 Baillarger proved his special courage. He was in fact, the Ulysse Trélat (1828-1890) and Valentin Magnan (1835-1916) from death by personal service.

Research results

In 1840 showed Baillarger that the cerebral cortex is divided into six alternating layers of gray and white matter, respectively. The outer and inner Baillarger layer, ie the lamina interna and the lamina pyramidalis granularis interna ( see isocortex and Allocortex ), are named after him. 1865 could prove Baillarger in aphasic patients that they had indeed lost the ability arbitrary speech, however, that a certain degree of reduced expression persisted.

In his psychiatric research Baillarger examined the involuntary nature of the hallucinations and the dynamics of the hypnagogic states, by which is meant a state of transition from wakefulness to sleep. In 1854, he was the one who described it as one of the first that Bipolar disorder, which he termed folie à double forme. At about the same time was the Bipolar Disorder by Jean -Pierre Falret (1794-1870), another French psychiatrist, recognized as a disease entity. Falret called folie circulaire.

Also after Baillarger is the so-called " Baillarger character " named ( Baillarger 's sign ). This refers to a anisocoria in progressive paralysis, ie, at a late complication of syphilis.

See also: History of brain research

Selected Works

• The hallucinations, the Causes qui les produisent et des maladies caractérisent, Mémoires de l' Académie de médecine, 1842.
• Statistique de la folie héréditaire, Annales médico- psychologiques du système nerveux.
• Fréquence da la folie chez les prisonniers, Annales médico- psychologiques du système nerveux.
• Hallucinations, Annales médico- psychologiques du système nerveux. 1844.
• Crétinisme, Annales médico- psychologiques du système nerveux.
• Folie à double forme, Annales médico- psychologiques du système nerveux, 1854.
• Recherches sur la structure de la couche of cortical circonvolutions you cerveau, Mémoires de l' Académie royale de médecine, 1840.
• Recherches sur les maladies mental, 2 volumes, 1890.