Kars Oblast
The Kars Oblast ( Russian область Карсская, Karsskaya Oblast ) was one of the Transcaucasian provinces of the Russian Empire, which existed 1878-1917. The capital was Kars, then also called Wladikars. Today the area is part of the Republic of Turkey. It had an area of 18,526 km ². Since 1881, the Kars Oblast consisted of four Okrugen ( districts ):
- Kars ( Карсский округ )
- Ardahan ( Ардаганский округ )
- Kagysman ( Кагызманский округ ), (Turkish Kağızman )
- Olti ( Ольтинский округ ), (Turkish Oltu )
Two other Okruge were saris Chat ( Заришат; APARCAY today ) and Schoragjal ( Шорагял; Akyaka today ), they insisted 1878-1881.
History
The Kars Oblast was established in 1878 from part of the country, which the Russians had obtained by the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 by the Ottoman Empire. The territory was before 1845 part of the Ottoman Eyalets Kars and Çıldır and after 1845 part of the Eyalets of Erzurum.
With the integration of the region into the Russian Empire, a large part ( 82,000 people in the years 1878-1881 ) was sent to his Muslim ( Turkish ) population in the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand wandered Armenians, Georgians and Russians (including religious minorities such as the Molokans and Doukhobors ) from other provinces one.
After the October Revolution of 1917 and the fall of the Russian Empire apart the Kars Oblast was some time by the Democratic Republic of Armenia and controlled its northern part of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. But soon the Turkey recaptured the area. The incorporation of most of the Oblastes in Turkey was officially confirmed by the Treaty of Kars in 1921.
Demography
1892
1892 lived an estimated 200 868 people in the Oblast. The ethnic composition and religious affiliation was as follows:
- Turks ( This number also included a group of Adjarians ): 24 % ( Sunnis )
- Armenians: 21.5%
- Kurds: 15% ( Sunnis and some Yezidi )
- Muslim Karapapaken: 14% ( Sunnis and Shiites some )
- Alevi Karapapaken ( Listed as Turkmens ): 5%
- Pontic Greeks: 13.5 % ( Orthodox )
- Russians: 7% (Mostly champagne members as Molokans, Doukhobors, etc.)
The religious affiliation was determined as follows:
- Orthodox Christians: 14%
- Champagne members ( Molokans, Doukhobors, etc. ): 5%
- Armenian Apostolic Church: 21%
- Other Christian churches: 0.75%
- Muslims: 53 %, including: Sunnis: 46%
- Shiites: 7%
1897
The Russian census of 1897 counted 290 654 inhabitants, including 160 571 men and 130 083 women. The number implies that the specification of 1892 was too low, or that a large immigration took place from other parts of the empire. The inhabitants by mother languages were:
- Turkic: 104 457, including: Tatar language: 2,347
- Bashkir language: 207
- Turkish Language: 63 547
- Karapapakische Language: 29 879
- Turkmen language ( Alevi Karapapaken ): 8,442
- Russian Language: 22,327
- Ukrainian Language: 5.279
- Belarusian language: 250
The surplus of 30,000 men was composed of European ethnicities. Thus, among the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian speakers 19,910 men as opposed to 7,946 women. The Polish and Litauischsprecher were male 99%, while there was among the Germans and Jews between 80 and 90 % men. The preponderance of men, which also occurred in the Nachbaroblasten to a lesser extent, was due to the large number of soldiers and exiled people.