Kishi Ganku
Ganku (Japanese岸 驹, April 14, 1756 (Traditional: Hōreki 06/03/15 ) or * 1749 in Kanazawa, † January 19, 1839 (Traditional: Tempo 9/12/5 ), January 28 or 12 May 1838 in Iwakura in Kyoto (now Iwakura, Sakyō -ku, Kyoto ) ) was a Japanese painter of animals. He founded the Kishi school and is considered one of the most famous Japanese painter of the late Edo period.
Name
Ganku is the reading commonly used by岸 驹, but this is read as a two-part name Kishi Kishi Ku and coma. He comes from the family Saeki (佐伯). His childhood name ( yōmyō ) was Otsujirō (乙 次郎), his coming of age Name ( Azaña ) FUNZ (贲 然) and his real name Masaaki (昌明). Artist names were Kayō (华阳) Ransai (兰 斎) Dōkōkan (同 功 馆), Kakandō (可 観 堂), Kotōkan (虎头 馆), Tenkaikutsu (天 开 屈).
Life
Ganku was born as the son of a tailor as a boy and showed a large painting talent. He studied the models of Kanō champion and previously worked probably in a dye factory, where he abmalte fabric samples. In 1780 he went to Kyoto, where he painted in the style of Shen Nanpins and soon made a name. He attended the Nagasaki school and took to express his devotion to this school, the name of its most important representative of Ransai. Furthermore, he studied the techniques of Ōkyo (1733-1795) and his pupil Goshun (1752-1811), from whom he took over the decorative and naturalistic style of painting.
1784 Priest Prince Arisugawa in the temple Bucco -ji on his paintings was attentive and took him under his special protection. He gave him various titles and names and gave him a respectable position in the imperial court. 1789 Ganku was commissioned to decorate the construction of the Imperial Palace burned down. In 1808 he received the honorary title of Lieutenant Governor ( suke ) of Echizen province. A year later, invited him to the daimyo Maeda to Kanazawa in order to decorate the newly renovated, also spent Fürstenburg. Ganku reached the peak of his career, many of his works are still preserved from this period.
In 1824 he went to Iwakura north of Kyoto and withdrew from public life. Shortly before his death, he was the award the title of the Governor ( kami ) of Echizen province.
Work
Ganku lent itself to the techniques of various Japanese and neuchinesischer master and developed its own powerful, very realistic and graphically emphasized style. He had a wide range of topics program that landscapes, portraits and illustrations of flowers, birds ( kachōga ) and various animals included. The He founded the Kishi school was famous for its Tiger representations. But he had never seen a live tiger - like almost all Japanese painters of this time. Instead, he used as a model house cats, imported from China, tiger skins and a real tiger head, which had been given to him in 1798. Among his most characteristic tiger images include the slopes role Mōkozu owned by the Maeda family, as well as the existing six-part folding screen couples Tora ni nami to (1823, Tokyo National Museum ) and Tiger Family ( Cleveland Museum of Art).
The painting style of the Kishi school came slowly to the Edo period out of fashion and lost its influence and popularity. Most important pupils were his son Gantai (1785-1865), his nephew Ganryo (1791-1852), his son- Renzan ( 1805-59 ) and Yokoyama Kazan ( 1784-1837 ). Most famous was Renzans son Chikudo ( 1826-97 ), who continued the tradition of the Kishi school with success to the pre-modern period.
Gankus works are distributed around the globe in many important art museums, as, inter alia, in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and the National Museum of Kyoto. In Germany he is of Asian Art in Berlin mainly seen in the museum.