Korean numerals

In Korea, two systems are used, with which numbers are pronounced. One is made of pure Korean words, while the other, so sinokoreanisch Chinese origin. The numbers are usually written with the Indian digits, like a dot as the decimal separator and a comma as a thousands separator, but is sometimes also used as tens of thousands separator in English. In texts numbers are used to some extent with Hangul or mixed forms such as < 5 만 > ( oman, " 50,000 "). Hanja are only very rarely used, such as for pricing in Chinese restaurants.

Use

Which system is used depends to some extent on the origin of the lexical item that is to be quantified. This usually so-called measure words are used. Is the measure word sino Korean origin, Sino Korean number designations are used. For words pure Korean origin, as are the native Korean number designations are used. For example, there is for the meaning " month " both a word of Korean origin < 달 > dal and a word sino Korean origin < 월 > wol. While the latter, among other things for month names used (< ​​일월 > ilwol " January " ), the Korean name < 달 > dal is mainly used for printing periods: < 한 달 > han dal "is a month."

Sino Korean numbers

• The Sino- Korean numbers from 1 to 10 ( file? )

The Sino- Korean system has a simple structure. There are words for the numbers from zero to ten as well as all powers of ten. This means that all numbers can be put together, the word for 23 is, for example isipsam ( 이십 삼 = two - ten - three), 1754 is cheonchilbaegosipsa ( 천 칠백 오십 사 = thousand - seven - hundred - five - ten - four) pronounced. As in the German leading ones are spoken and written situations requiring only in arithmetic or other clearly, otherwise you just say hundred three instead of one - hundred - three.

For speakers of German, a difficulty is that for tens of thousands still has its own word and will only start at a hundred thousand with the assembling of number words for one order of magnitude ( SimMan 십만 = ten - ten thousand), which is also sometimes occurring spellings like < 1, 2345 > ( German < 12,345 > ) and < 1,2345,6789 > ( German < 123,456,789 > ) is explained.

The Sino- Korean numbers are used today among other things, monetary amounts, names of months, years and floor numbers and all numbers that are not shown with the pure Korean system. Since it is Chinese numbers basically, they can be written with Hanja.

The following table details reflect the North Korean spelling and pronunciation in parentheses.

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

1) yeong ( 영 ) is used in mathematics, used when specifying telephone numbers gong ( 공 ), however, for example.

Korean numbers

• The pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10 ( file? )

The pure Korean system is only used for number words from 1 to 99. Although there are numerals for larger numbers that you no longer use, and the actual previous use only on 온 "hundred" and jeumeun 즈믄 is " thousand " occupied. At least for number words from 100 Sino Korean numbers are used when counting something often even for smaller numbers. For numbers over a hundred is usually, but not always, used the Sino Korean form for the ones and tens place.

The Korean system is slightly more complicated than the Sino Korean, since there are separate words for multiples of ten, which are in contrast to the Sino Korean not simply composed of the word of the One and then the word sip 십 " ten ". The total number word but reassembled from the Word of tens and ones place. The number 37 is about pure Korean seoreunnilgop ( 서른 일곱 = thirty - seven) pronounced sinokoreanisch contrast samsipchil ( 삼십 칠 = three - ten - seven). Hanja exist only for words Sino Korean origin, so there is no Hanja for the pure Korean numbers.

For some figures, there is a basic form which is mainly used in the simple counting ( hana, dul, set, net ... 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷 ... "one, two, three, four ...") and a derivative thereof, used is, things, animals, people, months to count, etc., with how often measure words in Japanese are used (English counters ) ( gae you 두 개 "2 pieces ", se jang 세 장 " 3 leaf ", ne myeong 네 명 " 4 people "), whose diversity has however declined in recent times, as well as special forms of purely Korean number words (eg seok dal 석 달 "Three months," saheul 사흘 "three days " ) are disappearing ( however, even sanaheul 사나흘 " ​​three or four days ").

The pure Korean system is also used for hours and age.

The following table details in brackets show the basic shape of the number word again, that is, when the number word stands for itself and is followed by no indication of what is counted. Suffixes can only stand behind this basic form of a number word.

2) The l in seumul ( 스물 = " twenty " ) falls in front of certain words away, eg seumu sal ( 스무 살 = "20 years " [ age of a person ] )

3) An actual use of obsolete words number is only for one ( 온 = "hundred" ) and jeumeun ( 즈믄 = " thousand " ) occupied.