Kujawy

Kuyavian (Polish Kujawy ) is a situated west of the Vistula forth even to the upper reaches of the networks in the north-central Poland land in the Kujawsko - Pomerania.

Major cities on the edge of this region are Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) Wloclawek ( Leslau ) and Toruń ( Thorn ), otherwise lie in Kuyavian Inowroclaw ( Hohensalza ) Kruszwica ( Kruschwitz ) Ciechocinek, Nieszawa ( Nessau ) and Płowce.

The landscape is flat to undulating and dominated by agriculture and here lives the ethnic group of Kujawier.

History

Fertile soil and numerous salt springs caused prehistoric settlements in the Kuyavian since 1136 so designated. Since the 10th century this area is near the lake Goplo influenced by the Goplanen or Mazowszanie - Kłobianie with main centers in Gniezno and Kruszwica. Currently, they were conquered by the Polans. According to Andrzej Bankowski the Polans settled in after the so-called Greater Poland after they moved to the Moraviern from the Pannonian region, which was conquered by the Avars. According to some data the Polans were assisted in their war upon the Goplanen of the Army of the Moravian empire. The area occupied by the Polans Goplanen were strongly influenced by the Pannonian culture and lost the actual Masovian character.

The first attested mention Kujawiens found in 1136 in the Bull Ex Commisso nobis by Pope Innocent II, recognizing the independent archbishopric of Magdeburg Gniezno.

From 1233 to 1306 Kuyavian formed an independent duchy, with its capital Inowrocław. In the early Middle Ages Kruszwica was regarded as the most important city. In the 13th century were in Kuyavian nine townships. In 1332 Kuyavian was occupied by the Teutonic Knights, but the Polish king Casimir the Great in 1343, the country got back what was recorded in the Treaty of Kalisz. On July 23, 1343, the peace documents were referred to each other in the village Wierzbiczany near Inowroclaw ( Hohensalza ).

In 1473, Nicolaus Copernicus was born in the neighboring Royal Prussia in Thorn.

In the 17th century, settlers were ( Mennonites ) from the Netherlands and Friesland ( Dutch ) Kujawy down, they founded numerous villages and houses built in traditional ajar design, some buildings are still preserved. They formed an independent village communities, which were distinguished for its time by advanced agricultural knowledge. Special skills they had in the management of their fields that they use irrigated by canals. Above all, they managed wasteland and fallow land.

As a result of the partition of Poland, a part Kujawiens in 1772 was annexed by Prussia. In 1815 the division Kujawiens the north Prussia and the southern part of Russia was constitutionally bound to the Congress of Vienna, affiliated. From 1918, after the end of World War I, Kuyavian was once again not to Poland.