Lactarius quietus
Oak Milchling ( Lactarius quietus )
The Oak Milchling or reddish brown oak Milchling ( Lactarius quietus ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. It is a medium sized, often Milchling, with pale yellowish cream, mild or bitter milk, of noticeable after leaf bugs [note 1] smells. The hat is brown to reddish brown in color and sometimes indistinctly zoned. The fungus is a strict companion fungus of oak.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The cap is 3-10 cm wide, quite fleshy and curved long time. Later he spread and depressed in the middle and last deepen shallow funnel-shaped. A hump is rarely trained. The hat skin is young little greasy - sticky, dry matt and dull shiny, sometimes he is also pale zonig frosting. The hat is dull reddish brown and zoned by concentrically arranged darker spots. The edge at first incurved and even bent down clear later.
The slats are just grown on a stick or a little run down it. They are interspersed with shorter intermediate sipes. They are initially whitish to cream and old pale reddish brown. The fins are spotted cutting in places rusty brown.
The stem is 3-6 cm long and up to 1 cm thick. When young it is firm and full, but later often hollow. He is often längsfurchig or something pitted and roughly the same color of the hat is colored towards the base wine is often darker brown.
The meat is in the hat thick and firm and whitish, stained by wine brown in the stem also. The smell is unpleasant, the fruiting bodies smell of leaf bugs or damp linen cloth. The milk flows at a violation initially abundant. She turns on the air immediately creamy yellowish, somewhat like fresh cream. It tastes mild, slightly bitter aftertaste. The meat itself tastes slightly schärflich.
The spore powder is pale yellowish. The broadly elliptical spores are 8-10 microns long and 6.5-8 microns warty - reticular ornamentation wide to burred - reticular.
Microscopic characteristics
The 6.1 to 8.8 microns long and 5.8 to 7.2 microns wide spores are breitelliptisch rounded up. The Q value ( length spores / spore width) is 1.0 to 1.3. Containing up to 1 micron high spore ornament comprises several warts as well as ribs and nodular thickening almost completely reticular connected. The basidia are clavate to ventricose and 35-40 microns long and 10-12 microns wide. They each carry four sterigmata.
The numerous little Cheilomakrozystiden are clavate to fusiform or pfriemförmig. They are 30-55 microns long and 5.5-7 microns wide and often have a solid top. The 30-75 microns long and 4-9 microns wide, sparse Pleuromakrozystiden are also spindle - to pfriemförmig.
The hat skin consists of irregularly interwoven hyphae 3-10 microns wide, which are grouped in the lower part in many kurzzellige sections. The hat skin is a Trichoderma from which protrude the most twisted hyphae more or less.
Artabgrenzung
Paying attention in determining the smell, the location, the hat color and the color of the milk, so the fungus can hardly be confused with another Milchling. He always occurs under oaks and has a whitish milk that something like has a slightly yellowish tint fresh cream. Very typical is the smell that stands out especially in old or dried fruit bodies, reminiscent of the smell of leaf bugs.
The rare Aqueous Milchling has a very similar odor and can occur at comparable locations. But he has an ocher to red brown and always ungezonten hat and is slender. microscopically, it differs by differently shaped cystidia and the structure of his hat skin. Other Milkcaps bound to oaks are the gold Liquid Milchling with gelbverfärbendem meat, the smoke -colored Milchling with red meat and verfärbendem the Queraderige Milchling with a slimy, pink ocher gezontem hat.
Ecology
The Oak Milchling is a strict mycorrhizal fungus of oak, the preferred the oak as a host. It is found, therefore, in all forms of domestic oak and mixed oak forests and there especially in older stands. Under interspersed oaks but it is also eaten in all of beech and fir -dominated forests and not too wet lowland forests. The fungus also occurs in forest edge and rear societies in red oak, poplar and other forest plantations and parks.
The fungus makes no special demands on the soil. It occurs both at acidic, neutral, and on alkaline soils, which can be up lime or basenarm or rich or weak moderately nutritious. The soil can moderately dry to moist and be shallow, medium and deep. It occurs on basalt, loess, limestone, sand, silica rock or soil on brown soils on different parent rock.
The fruiting from July to November and the season is late August to late October. The Milchling occurs in the flat, hills and lower mountains and rarely rises higher.
Dissemination
The Oak Milchling is a Holarctic kind in North Asia (Japan, Korea), North Africa (Morocco ), North America (USA ) and Europe occurs. In Europe it is widespread and common.
The Oak Milchling is a common and widespread fungus throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
System
Infra Generic Systematics
The Oak Milchling is placed in the section Subdulces. The representatives of the section have a blunt, smooth, hat surface. The hat is dull reddish brown to pale brown in color. The milk turns not on a white cloth.
Importance
The Milchling is considered unfit for human consumption if it could certainly be eaten after appropriate pretreatment such as washing and scalding. But the unappealing taste is not worth the effort.