Lactarius tabidus
Flutter Milchling ( Lactarius tabidus )
The flutter Milchling or Flatterreizker ( Lactarius tabidus, syn. Lactarius theiogalus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). The rather small Milchling has an ocher to orange- brown colored hat and tastes mild to schärflich. It has a watery - white milk, which is colored sulfur-yellow on exposure to air after some time. This color reaction has earned him the name Milder sulfur Milchling.
- 6.1 edibility
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The dünnfleischige hat is 2-5 cm wide, only convex, then spread out flat and finally slightly depressed to deepen a shallow funnel -shaped. In the Hutmitte there is often a papilla, which is a wart - like elevation to teat. The hat surface is smooth or slightly wrinkled toward the edge. The hat is ocher - reddish flesh- colored to pale reddish rust, in the middle, it can also be more reddish-brown, while the edge is often colored zimtgelblich.
At the age the colors fade from heavily stained. Wetland shows the brim a slight grooving, dry it is often structured tuberculate - rugose. The pale lamellae are grown on a stick or short run down it. The spore powder is white.
The 3-7 cm long and 0.4-1 cm wide handle has, like the hat to ocher - colored flesh tones, and can be something rostfleckig in old age.
Even the fragile flesh is pale ochraceous brownish colored to flesh. It smells like a mixture of oak and cherry red Milchling Speitäubling. The aqueous- white milk changes color on a white paper towel after a few seconds sulfur yellow (name: Mild sulfur Milchling ). The meat tastes quite mild at first ( hence the name ), but has a bitter and pungent taste.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish to broadly elliptical spores are 6-9 microns long and 5.5-7 microns wide. They are set with 0.6-1.3 microns high, finely rounded to elongated or pointed warts, which can be connected by a short, thin lines or ridges. It is a very loose, network with few individual meshes. The basidia are cylindrical to clavate and measure 35-45 × 7.5-11 microns. They carry some just one or two but usually four sterigmata.
The numerous Cheilomakrozystiden spindle - to pfriemförmig, 20-50 microns long and 4.5-9 microns wide. The also spindle-shaped, 32-80 microns long and 6-10 microns wide Pleuromakrozystiden are few in number.
The hat skin is an epithelium and consists of palisade- like arrangement often rounded or isodiametric hyphal cells of 9-22 micrometers long and 9-20 microns wide. In addition there are individual, 15-30 microns long and 3-6 microns wide Hyphenendzellen that protrude from the Hyphenverband.
Artabgrenzung
The Milchling can be confused with a number of yellow, ocher or orange-brown milk Lingen.
Relatively easy to distinguish between a mild Milchling ( Lactarius aurantiacus, syn. Mitissimus L. ), which is more uniformly colored orange. His white milk turns not on a white paper towel. Even the mild -tasting and similarly colored Sweetish Milchling ( Lactarius subdulcis ) has a pure white, not discoloring milk. It is found mainly in the beech forest.
Very much harder to distinguish the different, closely related representatives of the Section Tabidi as the Sharp sulfur Milchling ( Lactarius decipiens ) and the puddles - Milchling ( Lactarius lacunarum ). The Puddle Milchling has only weak yellowing milk and is found in damp places under willows and alders. Microscopically, these are the two types differ from each well by their different hat skin structure. The sharp sulfur Milchling to find more on dry soils in deciduous forests. Its fruit body smell significantly by geranium leaves.
The little flutter Milchling ( Lactarius theiogalus ) looks like a slimmer shape of the flutter - milk -form and is one of the most common Moor mushrooms, one can often find in Torfmoospolstern. Its spores are more isolated - warty. The Milchling is not considered by some authors as distinct species.
Ecology
The flutter - Milchling like all Milkcaps a mycorrhizal fungus, which can enter into a partnership with both deciduous and coniferous trees. His most important symbiotic partners is the spruce, much less frequently it occurs even under birch trees. However, alder, hornbeam, beech, oak, fir and pine trees in rare cases can serve as a host.
The fungus likes moist deciduous and coniferous forests. It is found therefore in shady spruce-fir and spruce forests as well as in spruce forests on moist to wet, extremely base-and nutrient-poor soils. It also occurs in bog bilberries bog birch bog forests and at the edges of raised bogs. Occasionally you can also find it in the corresponding spruce-beech, beech - fir, hornbeam - oak, birch - oak trees, alder and birch carr woodlands. Profoundly moisture and acid pointer he is also a local for a differentiating half-bog bodies in various coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest communities.
The fruiting bodies appear from late June until well into November, occasionally one can find the fruiting bodies up into January.
Dissemination
The flutter Milchling is a Holarctic type, in North Asia ( Siberia, Japan). North America (USA, Greenland ) and Europe occurs. The Milchling is submeridional common to boreal. In Europe it is found in the south of the Balearic Islands and in Spain, in the west of France to Great Britain and to the east of Estonia on Slovenia to Hungary. In the north, it occurs throughout Fennoscandia and there north to the arctic - alpine Lapland and northern Russia.
In Germany the species is moderately common, but comes from the North and Baltic islands to the highlands of the Alps before. Only in the German dry and limestone areas it is rare. The style is typical of precipitation -rich upland areas. In Switzerland, the Milchling is widespread in wetlands often and in Austria and quite often.
System
Some authors limits the little flutter Milchling Lactarius theiogalus (Bull. ) Gray from a distinct species. This is supposed to be slimmer than the flutter Milchling and preferably occur between peat moss in the swamp. The spores should be more isolated warty.
Importance
Feed value
The flutter Milchling is sometimes referred to as edible. It is not recommended and is at best suitable for mixed mushroom dishes. However, he heard the red-brown Milchling ( Lactarius rufus) to the pungent-tasting milk compacts, which are eaten in Eastern Europe after special preparation. For this purpose, the fungi are long soaked and then boiled. The boiling water is poured off and the mushrooms then salted or pickled in vinegar or sour milk.