Leea

Leea guineensis

Leea is the only genus in the subfamily Leeoideae within the plant family of grapevine family ( Vitaceae ). The approximately 34 species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, date back to the Himalayan region and Australia, two species occur in Africa and Madagascar.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

In Leea species are mostly woody plants that climb, so are lianas, or self grow upright as shrubs or small trees, rarely to large, perennial herbaceous plants. The shoot axes are unarmed or have spines arranged in rows. There are no sprout tendrils available.

The alternate arranged on the stem axis leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The durable or perishable stipules form conspicuous wings on the edge of the petiole. Depending on the leaf blade is simple, one-to four times pinnately divided or rarely ternate. The leaf surfaces are bare until fluffy with simple hairs ( trichomes ) covered. The leaf undersides are mostly covered with corruptible, specialized, multicellular star-shaped or spherical glandular hairs. The leaf edges are notched, serrated or toothed, the leaf teeth have small glands at their upper ends.

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal or pendent, upright or hanging, composite, or paniculate inflorescences often schirmrispigen usually contain many flowers.

Unlike many species of the subfamily Vitoideae in the subfamily Leeoideae the flowers are always hermaphrodite. The radial symmetry flowers are rarely four or mostly fünfzählig double perianth. The rarely four, usually five sepals are fused bell-shaped and end with triangular calyx lobes with glandular upper ends. The rarely four, usually five fused only at their base petals touch each other without, however, to cover ( valvat ), are often cap-shaped at its upper end, bent back with open flowers and are grown on the discus with the stamen tube. The intrastaminale Diskus is Roehrig and deep cup-shaped. It is only the inner stamen circle with four or five fertile stamens present. Your light brown stamens are flattened and bent inward and are located in the Staminodienröhre as long as the flowers are closed and just opened in flowers. When closed flowers the anthers are upside down and stand far out in open flowers. The introrsen ( sometimes seemingly extrorsen ) anthers, the two flowers to center pointing pollen sacs are closer to each other in the two counters. The other stamen circle is transformed into a Staminodienröhre whose upper end is five-lobed and grown together by a thinner fabric that is wavy; the upper ends of the tabs are bent back and bilobed. The usually two or three, rarely up to five carpels are fused into a permanent top, disc-shaped ovary, which is usually four or six, rarely up to zehnkammerig by secondary septa; he is sometimes partially sunken in the discus. The ovary chamber only a anatrope, bitegmische and crassinucellate ovules are present. The depending on the type long to relatively short style ending in a capitate or discoid, slightly thickened scar.

Fruit and seeds

The flattened, spherical, very dry berries are colored when ripe purple to black or orange, and usually contain four to six, rarely up to ten seeds. The endosperm is furrowed ( ruminat ). The embryo is linear in outline.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic number of chromosomes is x = (10 to ) 12 were determined chromosome numbers of 2n = 24 or 48 (rarely 20, 22 or 28).

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of the genus Leea was made in 1767 by David van Royen in Carl Linnaeus: Systema Naturae, 12th edition, volume 2, pp. 608, 627 type species is Leea aequata L. The genus name honors Leea James Lee, a Scottish gardener. in Hammersmith ( London) and worked in the 18th century took many new plant species discovered in England in culture.

Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier published 1829 in analysis of Familles de Plantes, pp. 21, 27, the family Leeaceae. She was commissioned as a subfamily Leeoideae Hermann Burmeister in the Vitaceae family. The rank of subfamily or family is controversial.

After AGP III Leea is the only genus in the subfamily Leeoideae within the family Vitaceae.

The genus Leea is widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia, extends to the Himalayan region and Australia, some species occur in Africa and in Madagascar. In China, ten species are found, two of them only there.

There are about 34 Leea species, occurring here in China, Africa and Madagascar species:

• Leea arborea Sieber ex Boii
• Leea aequata L.: It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan, Malaysia and the Philippines.
• Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale: It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Yunnan.
• Leea bipinnata Boivin
• Leea compactiflora short: It occurs in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Xizang and Yunnan.
• Leea cuspidifera Baker
• Leea glabra CLLI: It grows at altitudes 200-1200 m only in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan.
• Leea guineensis G.Don ( Syn: Leea manillensis Walpers, Leea coccinea Planch. ): Your wide distribution area extends across India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea to Africa and Madagascar.
• Leea indica ( Burm. f ) Merr. , This wide distribution area ranges from Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea to the northern Australia and on Pacific islands.
• Leea longifolia Merrill: This rare species thrives in moist woods and thickets at altitudes between 100 and 400 meters only in Hainan.
• Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. It occurs in India, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Yunnan.
• Leea setuligera CBClarke: It occurs in India, Thailand and Yunnan.
• Leea sambucina Willd.
• Leea speciosus Boii
• Leea spinea Desc.
• Leea tinctoria Baker

Use

Leea guineensis (commercially often under the name of Leea coccinea) and Leea rubra be used as an ornamental in parks and gardens as well as in rooms.

Swell

• Zhiduan Chen & June Who: Leeaceae: Leea, pp. 195 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis in 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 ( section description)