Leo Gross

Leo Gross ( born April 6, 1903 in Krosno, Galicia, † November 8, 1990 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an Austrian-American lawyer of Jewish descent. He seemed particularly in the area of international law and international relations, and served from 1944 to 1980 as a professor at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.

Life

Leo Gross was born in 1903 in the town of Krosno in Galicia and graduated from the University of Vienna to study political science, international law and economics, which he finished in 1927 with a political science PhD under Hans Kelsen. With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, he devoted himself from 1929 to 1931 further studies in the field of law and philosophy of law at the London School of Economics (LSE ), at Columbia University and at Harvard University, where he in 1931 in the field of law doctorate. After his return to Europe, he worked as an assistant of Hans Kelsen at the University of Cologne.

After Kelsen was on leave from his professorship in Cologne because of his Jewish ancestry in April 1933 after the seizure of power by the Nazis and emigrated to Switzerland, United went again under the mediation of Kelsen at the LSE, where he served as an assistant to Hersch Lauterpacht. When his body was not renewed two years later for financial reasons and also a permanent position at the LSE has not been possible, he moved to the Paris-based International Institute of Intellectual Co - operation of the League. There he spent five years as Head of the International Relations Department, before he emigrated to the United States in 1940 due to the start of World War II on Vichy, Pau, Madrid and Lisbon.

In the U.S., he got a job in 1941 and three years later a professor of international law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, where he worked until his retirement in 1980. In addition, he taught as a Fulbright professor in 1958 at the University of Copenhagen, and in 1966 at the University of Tokyo and at the Hitotsubashi University, in 1949 as a visiting professor at Yale University, in the years 1958, 1951/1952 and from 1964 to 1966 as a visiting professor Harvard University, in 1962 as a visiting professor at Columbia University and in 1967 as a lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law. He also worked as a consultant to the U.S. State Department and the United Nations.

Focus of the jurisprudential interaction of Leo Gross was the United Nations and the International Court of Justice. He married a Viennese artist who shared twin daughters were born in the United States. He died in 1990 in Boston as a result of pneumonia. His estate is located in the German Exile Archive Frankfurt the German National Library.

Awards

The American Society of International Law, whose board he served from 1956 to 1959, Leo Gross, appointed in 1970 an honorary vice-president and awarded him in 1977 for his work " The Future of the International Court of Justice" a ASIL Certificate of Merit ( certificate of merit ) and 1986 with the Manley O. Hudson medal its highest award. In addition, he was appointed in 1970 as an honorary editor of the American Journal of International Law, for which he served from 1956 to 1970 and as co-editor from 1958 to 1985 was responsible for the book reviews. From 1958 he was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Indian Society of International Law, he belonged from 1964 as an honorary member.

Works (selection)

• The International Court of Justice and the United Nations. Series: Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. Volume 120 The Hague 1967
• The Future of the International Court of Justice. Two volumes. Dobbs Ferry 1976
• Essays on International Law and Organization. Two volumes. Dobbs Ferry 1984