Lepiota cristata

Stink - screen Ling ( Lepiota cristata )

The Stink - Schirmling or comb - screen Ling ( Lepiota cristata ) is a mushroom of the family of mushroom relatives ( Agaricaceae ). It is a smaller screen Ling with a membranous, static ring. The off-white hat is scaled concentrically around a sharply defined reddish-brown center. Very typical is the unpleasant, luminous gaseous odor. The very common Schirmling comes from June to October in deciduous forests, rare in coniferous forests before, but can also be found on grassy areas outside of forests.

• 5.1 Subspecies and varieties

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The cap is 1-4 cm broad, at first hemispherical, conical - campanulate soon and finally domed with blunt hump. The surface is whitish with fine, red-brown, more or less concentrically arranged scales. The apex is smooth and reddish brown. The edge is long inflected, frayed and sometimes hung with Velumresten.

The white, bulbous fins are free, as with all screen Lingen. They are pretty crowded. Later, they can also be yellowish discoloration and age rostfleckig. The fins are cut jagged. The spore powder is yellowish-white.

The cylindrical, quite brittle stem is 4-6 cm long and to 0.4 cm wide and hollow inside. He is white and tinted pink towards the base. The white, membranous ring is ascending, but transitory and therefore often missing in old age. The flesh is white and smells and tastes unpleasant to disgusting.

Microscopic characteristics

The spores are 6-9 microns long and 3-5 microns wide and spurred the side. They are smooth and strong to weak dextrinoid. The cheilocystidia are distinctly clavate to pyriform and measure about 25 x 10 microns. Pleurocystidia missing. The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is layer hymeniform and consists of variable rounded to clavate cells 25-60 microns long and 10-15 microns wide.

Artabgrenzung

The screen blanks of the genus Lepiota are often difficult to determine. However, his unpleasant or disgusting smell the stink Schirmling is usually quite easy to spot. There are but with the perfume Schirmling ( Lepiota Saponella ) and the Dunkelschuppigen Schirmling ( Lepiota subfelinoides syn. L. cristata var felinoides ) at least two very similar species, which are therefore often regarded only as varieties.

The blasshütige Forma pallidior the Stink - screen compact is easy with the cream White Parasol mushroom ( Lepiota subalba ) be confused.

Ecology

The Stink - screen Ling is a largely independent of forest communities occurring Saprobiont. He has a preference for disturbed or anthropogenically influenced sites and often occurs along roadsides, on Ruderalplätzen and hedges and bushes hems. Usually you can find him on neutral to basic and moderately to highly nitrogen-rich soils. It usually occurs under deciduous trees, in spruce forests you can find him always at the roadside or on vegetable detritus. Very often he is in beech and hornbeam - oak forests. Less commonly, it occurs in lowland forests, deciduous tree or pure oak forests.

The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn, and often even after the first frosts. The screen Ling comes from the lowlands up in front of mountains.

Dissemination

The Stink - screen Ling is almost a cosmopolitan, that is, it occurs on all continents. Only in the Arctic and Antarctic zones it is missing. It is found in Australia, Asia (Turkey, Israel, India, the Caucasus to Siberia and Japan), North and South America ( Argentina, Chile, USA, Canada ) and Africa ( Zaire, Morocco). In Europe it is widespread from Greece to Finland and from Portugal to Belarus in all countries. In Germany and Austria, the species is distributed throughout and often almost everywhere.

System

The screen body is placed in the section Steno spore within the subgenus Lepiotula ( Maire ) Locquin ex Horak. Typical of the section are spurred spores that a side sitting stalks ( apiculus ) have. Bon separates of this section once a section Cristratae ( Kuhner & Wass. ) M. Bon from. The representatives of the section Cristratae have a strictly hymeniforme hat skin ( Epicutis ) and no extended hair, while the representatives of the Section Steno Spore have a trichoforme Huthauttyp of more or less elongated and fragmented hyphae.

Subspecies and varieties

The species is very rich in form and variable, therefore several forms, varieties, and possibly distinct species have been described. Some frequently occurring forms are listed below.

Importance

The Stink - screen Ling is unpalatable because of its offensive odor and taste. He is possibly also slightly toxic.