Linear city

The band is a city facility along a transport path (rail, road, waterway ) with great length, but a small width. The idea has been the band city in 1882 by the Spaniard Arturo Soria y Mata in response to the serious problems which were caused by the rapid urban development during industrialization. His ideas are often discussed as an antithesis to the garden city, which has been developed almost simultaneously in Britain by Ebenezer Howard.

In principle he was doing it to "The ruralisation the city and the urbanization of the country". Residential areas, workplaces and centers of the city band should be assigned to each other so that no long commuter routes arise, sufficient vacant land and recreation room are available and sufficient services are offered everywhere. This should be achieved by the individual city areas, recreation areas and arable land are arranged in strips parallel to the arteries.

His first linear city should first connect the satellite cities to Madrid. Later, he introduced himself, were all cities in the world together. But was realized only a 5.2 km long section in the east of Madrid. The further implementation failed due to the lack of financial resources.

The Russian city planners Nikolai Alexandrovich Miliutin attacked the band City - thoughts after the founding of the Soviet Union again and realized it ( go to the Frankfurt architect Ernst May back parts of planning ) and Volgograd eg in Magnitogorsk. Apart from the scheduled band towns that were quite rare reality, there is growing, due to natural circumstances orographic belt cities.

Due to the devastation of the Second World War, there were plans to rebuild cities as cities loosened belt forms. Such plans have been created yet under Nazi rule for Stettin ( along the lower reaches of the Oder ). For the ruins of Berlin under Hans Scharoun planned demolition of the remaining remnants reconstruction in the sense of a relaxed city- landscape, which should pull along as municipal band in the valley of the River Spree and would thus assumed the form of a linear city.

As a band City (linear city or strip city) and the planning of urban agglomerations basic concept in the United States is called, with which you want to control the coalescence of several cities (cities band).

Examples

Reliable belt cities are divided into two types: 1 planned, 2 grown. The band planned cities can be motivated also by local contingencies, the evolved types have the qualities of tape cities, where appropriate, by chance.

For Type 1 can Brasília call as an example, but the agglomeration is deviated in the development of the type of source. Another example, but due to the location, the city of Shenzhen in China, which was planned as an elongated free trade zone on the northern edge of the border with Hong Kong as ribbon-like agglomeration and works in a hybrid development from central planning and unregulated growth as an ideal band.

For type 2 can be cited as an example the valley town of Wuppertal. This city is within the topographically defining valley area, grown together as a functional, historical and social unit consisting of several city units, especially Barmen and Elberfeld and been merged in 1929. In this example, ideally opportunities and restrictions of the linear city typology can be read.

• Urban form
• Theory ( urban development)