List of mathematical symbols

This list of mathematical symbols shows a selection of the most common symbols that are used in modern mathematical notation within formulas. After it is virtually impossible to list all the symbols ever used in mathematics, only those symbols are specified in this list, which is likely to occur in mathematics or mathematics education. Many of the characters are standardized, for example in DIN 1302 General mathematical symbols or DIN EN ISO 80000-2 Quantities and units - Part 2: Mathematical signs for science and technology.

The following list is largely limited to non-alphanumeric characters. It is divided by areas of mathematics and grouped the content within the sub-regions. Some symbols have a different meaning depending on the context and dive accordingly several times in the list. Further information on the symbols and their meaning can be found in the respective linked articles.

  • 3.1 Arithmetic operators
  • 3.2 equals sign
  • 3.3 Comparison characters
  • 3.4 divisibility
  • 3.5 Elementary functions
  • 3.6 Mathematical Constants
  • 4.1 intervals
  • 4.2 Sequences and Series
  • 4.3 Functions
  • 4.4 limits
  • 4.5 Asymptotic behavior
  • 4.6 Differential Calculus
  • 4.7 Integral Calculus
  • 4.8 Vector Analysis
  • 4.9 topology
  • 4:10 Functional Analysis
  • 5.1 elementary geometry
  • 5.2 Complex Numbers
  • 5.3 Vectors and Matrices
  • 5.4 Vector Analysis
  • 5.5 Matrix
  • 5.6 Vector Spaces
  • 6.1 relations
  • 6.2 Group Theory
  • 6.3 State Theory
  • 6.4 ring theory
  • 7.1 Combinatorics
  • 7.2 Probability Theory
  • 7.3 Statistics
  • 8.1 connectives
  • 8.2 quantifiers
  • 8.3 Deduktionszeichen

Explanation

For each mathematical symbol following information is provided:

Set theory

Definition characters

Amount of construction

Set Operations

Set relations

Note: the symbols and are not used consistently and frequently do not exclude the equality of the two quantities.

Sets of numbers

Widths

Arithmetic

Arithmetic operators

Equal sign

Compare characters

Divisibility

Elementary functions

Note: the power function is not represented by its own icon, but by the high position of the exponent.

Mathematical constants

See also: mathematical constant for symbols of other mathematical constants.

Analysis

Intervals

Sequences and series

Functions

See also: Symbolic notations for functions for further notation variants

Limits

Asymptotic behavior

Differential calculus

Integral calculus

Vector Analysis

Topology

Functional Analysis

Linear Algebra and Geometry

Elementary geometry

Complex Numbers

Note: to denote the real and imaginary parts of a complex number is above all the abbreviations and common.

Vectors and Matrices

Vector Analysis

Matrix

Vector spaces

Algebra

Relations

Group Theory

Body theory

Ring theory

Stochastics

Combinatorics

Probability Theory

Note: for the operators exist some notation variants; instead of parentheses and square brackets are used frequently.

Statistics

Logic

Connectives

Quantifiers

Deduktionszeichen

Variable (mathematics) Backslash Codepoint Set (mathematics) Disjoint union Power set Integer Algebraic number Cardinality of the continuum Cardinal number Beth number Least common multiple Modular arithmetic Partial derivative Gradient Laplace-Operator Interior (topology) Triangle Outer product Unit vector Hadamard product (matrices) Kronecker product Matrixnorm Direct product Tensor product Quotient space (linear algebra) Annihilator (ring theory) Successor ordinal Semidirect product Wreath product Quotient group Index of a subgroup Algebraic closure Quotient ring Binomial coefficient Multinomial theorem#Multinomial coefficients Conditional probability Covariance Logical conjunction Tautology (logic) Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A Hellmuth Stachel Wolfgang Hackbusch
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