List of national theatres

National Theatre is the name of several theater as an institution or building.

Originally, the National Theatre was a theater that had the task of promoting indigenous pieces in the national language and with " national character ". The National Theatre should overcome the division of the stages in the court theater and folk theater since the 18th century. The speech community, for the theater created a common framework should be more important than the professional affiliation.

Origin

The word was originally used primarily to identify the language of the stage. So where the founded at the end of the 18th century " National Theatre " not about the right to serve as the State Theatre for the whole German nation. Rather, the departure from the usual in court circles Italian opera and the French drama should be shown in the name.

In this sense, the Vienna Hofburg Theatre of the castle was next from 1776 Teutsches National Theatre ( founded by Emperor Joseph II, was abandoned in the national linguistic orientation after his death ), the Mannheim theater from 1779 onwards Court and National Theater, the Theater am Gendarmenmarkt in Berlin since December 5, 1786 Royal National Theatre called. A National Theater in Hamburg was already founded in 1767 by Lessing and 12 citizens of Hamburg, but was already back in 1768.

With the idea of the National Theatre was related also intend to commit permanently fixed ensembles, instead of the theater premises from year to year to rent to changing touring companies as to the middle of the 19th century was still common practice to some extent. Through these improved production conditions, it was hoped in the German language area, to free themselves from the domination of the French repertoire. Richard Wagner made ​​yet in 1850 noted that " it with very few exceptions, under which only the first opera theaters in Italy are included, not the original theater is the Parisian, and all other copies of these are only ".

German -speaking

The name National Theatre held in Germany following theaters:

Historically wore in the German -speaking theater following the name:

  • Schauspielhaus Berlin, formerly the Royal National Theatre
  • Rose Theatre in Berlin, founded as Ostend- Theater, 1892-1896 was the name of the National Theatre
  • Burgtheater in Vienna, former German National Theatre next to the Burg

Worldwide

The National Theatre world owe their name to most of the property as a theater or the special importance that is attributed to them in the cultural life of a nation or language community.

Examples:

  • Bulgaria: National Teatr in Sofia, National Teatr in Varna
  • Costa Rica: Teatro Nacional in San José
  • Finland: Suomen Kansallisteatteri in Helsinki
  • France: Théâtre national, name, or part of the name of various theaters in Paris and other major cities
  • UK: Royal National Theatre in London
  • Greece: National Theater ( Athens )
  • Iceland: Landakot in Reykjavík
  • Japan: Kokuritsu Gekijo in Tokyo for traditional Japanese arts, Shin Kokuritsu Gekijo in Tokyo for Western arts, Kokuritsu Bunraku Gekijo in Osaka for Bunraku, Kokuritsu Gekijo Okinawa Urasoe for traditional Ryukyu arts, sometimes also the Kokuritsu Nōgakudō for Noh in Tokyo
  • Croatia: Croatian National Theatre ( Croatian Narodno Kazaliste ) in Rijeka, Split, Varaždin and Zagreb
  • Latvia: Latvian National Theatre, Riga
  • Luxembourg National Theatre in Luxembourg
  • Namibia: National Theatre of Namibia, Windhoek
  • Norway: Nationaltheatret in Oslo
  • Panama: Teatro Nacional in Panama City
  • Poland: Teatr Wielki - Polish National Opera in Warsaw
  • Portugal: Teatro Nacional D. Maria II in Lisbon, Teatro Nacional Sao Joao in Porto
  • Romania: Teatrul Naţional in Bucharest, Cluj- Napoca, Dej, Drobeta Turnu Severin, Iasi, Targu Mures, Timisoara
  • Sweden: Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern in Stockholm
  • Slovakia: Slovak National Theatre, Bratislava
  • Slovenia: Slovensko narodno Gledalisce in Ljubljana
  • Spain: Teatro nacional de Catalunya in Barcelona
  • Syria: National Theater in Damascus
  • Thailand: National Theatre (Thailand) in Bangkok
  • Czech: Národní Divadlo in Prague
  • Hungary: National Theatre (Budapest) Budapest
  • USA: National Theatre in Washington, D.C. ( privately owned theater)
Hamburgische Entreprise Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Bayerisches Staatsballett Finnish National Theatre Accra National Theatre of Greece Abbey Theatre Croatian National Theatre in Split Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb D. Maria II National Theatre
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