Lomandroideae

Inflorescence of Lomandra filiformis

The subfamily Lomandroideae belongs to the family of the asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ) within the order of asparagus -like ( Asparagales ). Some species, especially their varieties are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens in frost-free areas and areas; there are also more use of species known, but it is not economically significant.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

There are perennial herbaceous and woody taxa. Some taxa are xerophytes. As with all monocot plants, there is no secondary growth, so the woody plant shrub, tree-shaped tree and not be called. Some species grow as lianas. Some species produce rhizomes, which can also be thickened bulbous in some species. They often contain clear milky juice.

The change-constant and spiral or distichous, often arranged in rosettes leaves are in leaf sheath, petiole broken (only for some species ) and leaf blade. The leaf sheath is open. The simple leaf blades are parallel-veined with smooth leaf edge, they can be grass -like narrow to wide.

Inflorescences and flowers

There shall be terminated, branched, zymöse total inflorescences that consist of racemose, paniculate aged men or partial inflorescences and have bracts.

The stalked, relatively small, hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple. There are two circles, each with three bloom cladding available; they are the same polymorphic in both adherent and Roehrig at its base or different, then the inner circle are usually fringed. The bloom of the outer circle are green or have the same color as the inner circle. The bloom of the inner circle can be greenish to white, pink to brown or blue to be. There are six stamens present; they are fused with the petal tube. Three carpels are fused to a syncarp, superior ovaries. The style ends in a three-lobed stigma capitate to. There are Septalnektarien available.

Fruit and seeds

It can be formed with only a few seeds in each of the three subjects capsule capsule fruits or berries. On the fruit, the bracts are still recognizable. The often black by Phytomelane ( at Lomandra not ) seeds are round or angular, with more or less smooth surface.

Ingredients and chromosomes

Are formed Steroidsaponine and Naphthoquinone.

The chromosomes from 0.6 to 2.4 microns long. The chromosome numbers are in the genera very different: n = 3, 4, 6, 7-9, 11, 19

Systematics and distribution

Its main distribution area is Australia and adjacent islands. There are also taxa in Madagascar, India and South America. So you have a disjoint area mainly in areas of the Gondwana super-continent.

After APG III and Chase et al. 2009, the order of the asparagus -like ( Asparagales ) is reorganized. This family boundaries were greatly moved. Some earlier families own only the rank of subfamilies. The former family Laxmanniaceae is now only a subfamily Lomandroideae in the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ).

According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN; . McNeill et al 2006) the names of subfamilies may not be conserved. The names Lomandroideae based on the tribe Lomandreae Engl, and Laxmannioideae based on the tribe Laxmannieae Engl, in 2007 by Robert Folger Thorne & James Lauritz Reveal in An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ( Angiospermae), In: The Botanical Review, 73 (2 ), 2007, pp. 67-181 published. Both tribes were in Engler & Prantl: Nat. Pflanzenfam. II, 5, 1887, 18 published. The first publication of the family name Lomandraceae was published by John Paul Lotsy in lectures on botanical phylogeny, Volume 3, pp. 761 until 1911. The first publication of the family name Laxmanniaceae was written by Pietro Bubani in the flora Pyrenaea by ordines naturales gradatim digesta, Volume 4, p 111, but not until 1901/2 given posthumously by O. Penzig in pressure. Why the subfamily Lomandroideae and not Laxmannioideae is, is about to Mark W. Chase et al. 2009 nothing written.

Synonyms for Lomandroideae Thorne & Reveal are: Eustrephaceae Chupov, Lomandraceae Lotsy, Xerotaceae Hassk, nom. . illeg ..

The genera today contained herein have been assigned to the Agavaceae, Anthericaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Liliaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae.

To subfamily Lomandroideae include 14 to 15 genera with 178 species:

• Acanthocarpus clay. It occurs in Australasia.
• Arthropodium R.Br. ( Syn: Dichopogon Kunth ): With about 10 to 20 species in the southern hemisphere, mainly in Australia, three species in New Zealand.
• Chamaescilla F.Muell. ex Benth. Two species are endemic to Australia.
• Chamaexeros Benth. With four species in Australia.
• Lobe Lilies (. Cordyline Comm ex R.Br., Syn: Charlwoodia Sweet, Cohnia Kunth Taetsia Medik ): Many species that were formerly in this genus were placed in the genus Dracaena. There are about 20 species of the genus. Cordyline form club-shaped storage tubers on the roots ( German name!) Some species and varieties are ornamentals.
• Eustrephus R.Br., with only one type: Eustrephus latifolius R.Br. ex Ker Gawl. It is an evergreen vine that is native to the Indonesian archipelago, on the Pacific Islands and eastern Australia.

• Trichopetalum plumosum: Only in central Chile.
• Trichopetalum chosmalensis: Only in Patagonia ( Argentina).

• Xerolirion divaricata ASGeorge: It is native to Australia.

Use

Some species, especially their varieties are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens in frost-free areas and rooms.

Cordyline australis and Cordyline indivisa be used in many ways: we eaten the baked rhizomes, parts of the disturbed rock magnet and boiled tribe; they contain fructose and give a sweet porridge or drink. Young shoots provide a substitute for cabbage. About leaves as food has been reported, but they are very rich in fibers. The fruits can be eaten. The leaves contain saponins in such large quantities that the yield worthwhile. From the strong fibers can be as paper, make baskets, clothing, and particularly long lasting ropes. With a red stripe from the leaf midrib can paint.

The rhizomes of Thysanotus species are eaten raw or cooked. Lomandra longifolia is used in many ways.

The Arthropodium Maori used cirratum, trivial names Rengarenga, rock lily, as food and spice plant, plus they are also grown. Their rhizomes are cooked and eaten cold or warm; it can also be gained strength from the rhizomes. This type has also been used in folk medicine.

Swell

• The subfamily of Lomandroideae in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
• Laxmanniaceae - Online at Flowering seed plants: North and South Islands of The University of Auckland.
• DE Soltis, PF Soltis, PK Endress & MW Chase: Asparagales, in Phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms, Sunderland, Sinauer Associates, 2005, pp. 104-109. .