Luciobarbus
Luciobarbus is a genus of the carp family (Cyprinidae ). The genus occurs in North Africa (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco), in the Iberian Peninsula in Asia Minor, the Caucasus and its northern foreland, in Mesopotamia, in western Iran and in the catchment area of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea before. It was erected in 1843 by Johann Jakob Heckel, then took a long time but no recognition and their species of the genus Barbus were attributed.
Features
Luciobarbus species are from 23 cm to 2.30 meters long. They differ from the Barbus species, among others, by the shape of the lower lip, the middle section bears no papillae at Luciobarbus while it is fully occupied in Barbus with papillae. In addition, the number of teeth in the main row of Pharyngealia varies: four at Luciobarbus, five in Barbus.
As other features of the genus, among other things, the high average outgrowth and the wide base plate of the Urohyale, a Sehnenverknöcherung in the skull, the broad fourth and fifth infra orbital Talia ( bones around the eyes ), the perpendicular to the lower leg standing front edge of the Cleithrum and whose are long and narrower upper leg. In addition, the convex anterior edge of the gill cover, the wide ethmoid, the little Prävomer who has a long and sharp tip and the tendency in the old fishing the number of pharyngeal teeth decreases and the fourth of the outer row is particularly strong. You also get half-moon shaped occlusal surfaces. The basal plate of the Pharyngealia is extended downwards.
Evolution
The genera Barbus and Luciobarbus parted in the late Miocene epoch, about 8 million years ago. The split followed the successive plate tectonic movements that took place in the southern Mediterranean region. In the Pliocene, about 2 million years ago, followed by the establishment of the present-day river systems rapid speciation in two genera.
Species
The genus currently contains 21 species:
- Luciobarbus bocagei ( Steindachner, 1864)
- Aral barbel ( Luciobarbus brachycephalus ) ( Kessler, 1872)
- Luciobarbus capito ( Güldenstädt, 1773)
- Luciobarbus caspius (Berg, 1914)
- Luciobarbus comizo ( Steindachner, 1864)
- Luciobarbus escherichii ( Steindachner, 1897)
- Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843
- Luciobarbus graecus Steindachner, 1896
- Luciobarbus graellsii ( Steindachner, 1866)
- Luciobarbus guiraonis ( Steindachner, 1866)
- Luciobarbus kersin ( Heckel, 1843)
- Luciobarbus kosswigi ( Karaman, 1971)
- Luciobarbus kottelati Turan, Ekmekçi, İlhan & Engin, 2008
- Luciobarbus lydianus ( Boulenger, 1896)
- Luciobarbus microcephalus ( Almaça, 1967)
- Luciobarbus mursa ( Güldenstädt, 1773)
- Luciobarbus mystaceus ( Pallas, 1814)
- Luciobarbus pectoralis ( Heckel, 1843)
- Luciobarbus sclateri ( Günther, 1868)
- Luciobarbus steindachneri ( Almaça, 1967)
- Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843