Lycopus

Shore Wolfstrapp ( Lycopus europaeus)

Wolfstrapp ( Lycopus ) is a plant genus of the family Lamiaceae ( Lamiaceae).

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Lycopus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. They form long rhizomes. The leaves are arranged on opposite sides. The leaf blades are simple and dentate or pinnatifid.

Inflorescences and flowers

Many flowers are borne in seated Scheinquirlen. The bracts are leaves- leaf-like, and are simpler and smaller, they are on the stem higher up. The sessile flowers are about tiny bracts, the outer ones are at least as long as the sepals.

The hermaphrodite flowers are fünfzählig double perianth. The inside bare sepals are fused bell-shaped and end in four or five calyx teeth that are all the same or one of them is longer. The cup is more or less radial symmetry. The five petals are bell-shaped fused with shaggy hairy throat. The corolla is two-lipped zygomorphe. The upper lip is entire or emarginate. The lower lip is three-lobed, and the median Corolla lobe is longer than the two lateral ones. Of the four stamens are only two upper fertile, straight and protrude from the corolla out something. The two lower stamens are rudimentary and short or filamentary, infertile staminodes with keulenförmigem or kopfigem upper end. The stamens are bare and the dust bags are made of two initially parallel counters that diverge later. Two carpels are fused into a superior ovaries; it is divided by false septa into four chambers. The stylus protrudes beyond the corolla and ends in two stigma lobes, which are flattened and pointed end; they are the same or lower is smaller.

Fruits

The four-part Klaus fruits divided into four one-seeded fruit part. The individual Klausen are brown, flattened, ribbed on the top and more or less glabrous or glandular on the upper side; its base is wedge-shaped, truncated, the upper end and the thickened edge.

Dissemination

Lycopus species are found throughout Europe, parts of western Asia and the temperate areas of eastern North America. In Central Europe, only the two types High Wolfstrapp occur ( Lycopus exaltatus ) and shore - Wolf Trapp ( Lycopus europaeus).

System

The genus Lycopus was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 21. As Lectotypusart 1913 Lycopus was europaeus L. by NL Britton and A. Brown in Ill. Fl. N.U.S., 2nd edition, 3, pp. 146 set. Synonyms for Lycopus L. are: Phytosalpinx Lunell nom. Superfl. , Euhemus Raf.

The genus belongs to the Lycopus Nepetinae subtribes of the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the Lamiaceae family.

The genus Wolfstrapp ( Lycopus ) are 10 to 20 species:

• Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.Bart. It is widely used in Canada and the United States.
• Lycopus angustifolius Elliott: It occurs only in the eastern United States.
• Lycopus asper Greene Western: It is widespread in western North America from western Canada to the western United States.
• Lycopus australis R.Br.: The home is the southern and eastern Australia.
• Lycopus cavaleriei H.Lév. It is common in Japan, Korea and the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
• Lycopus charkeviczii Prob. It occurs in the far east of Russia.
• Lycopus cokeri Ahles ex Sorrie
• Shore Wolfstrapp ( Lycopus europaeus L.)
• Lycopus hirtellus Kom: It occurs in the far east of Russia.
• Lycopus × intermedius Hausskn. ( Syn: Lycopus × intercedens Ind.; = L. europaeus L. × exaltatus )
• Lycopus kurilensis Prob. It occurs only on the Kuril Islands.
• Lycopus Laurentianus Roll. - Germ. It occurs only in eastern Canada.
• Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. Its range extends from Siberia to East Asia.
• Lycopus × sherardii Steele ( = L. uniflorus × L. virginicus )
• Lycopus sichotensis Prob. He is only found in the far east of Russia.
• Lycopus uniflorus Michx. ( Syn: Lycopus pumilus Vahl, Lycopus virginicus var parviflorus Benth, Lycopus parviflorus ( Benth. ) Maxim, Lycopus communis EPBicknell, Lycopus membranaceus EPBicknell, Lycopus coreanus H.Lév, Lycopus uniflorus var macrophyllus Farw. .. . Lycopus uniflorus var membranous Farw, Lycopus uniflorus var ovatus Fernald & H.St.John, Lycopus uniflorus var parviflorus ( Benth. ) Kitag ): .. He is in Canada, the United States, in Russia's Far East and China ( Heilongjiang, Jilin ) spread.
• Lycopus virginicus L. (syn.: Lycopus virginicus var quercifolius Pursh, Lycopus macrophyllus Benth, Lycopus virginicus var pauciflorus Benth, Euhemus officinalis Raf, Raf Euhemus sylvaticus, Lycopus virginicus var macrophyllus ( Benth. ) A. Gray. .. . ): It is common in the central and eastern United States.

Swell

• Xi -wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae: Lycopus, pp. 239 - text the same as printed text online, In: Wu Zheng -yi and Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994. ISBN 0-915279-24- X
• John M. Miller & Dieter H. Wilken, 2013: Lycopus at Jepson eFlora.