Martin Kirschner

Martin Kirschner ( born October 28, 1879 in Breslau, † August 30 1942 in Heidelberg ) was a German surgeon and professor in Königsberg, Tübingen and Heidelberg.

Life

Kirschner lived from 1893 as the son of Martin Kirschner ( 1842-1912), the mayor of the capital, Berlin. After completing his studies (1899-1904) in Freiburg, Zurich, Munich and Strasbourg, where he had in 1904 with a thesis on syringomyelia and tabes dorsalis doctorate (a form of neuro- syphilis), he began his medical work as an assistant to the internist Rudolf of renvers in Berlin. After military service in Munich in 1907, he became in 1908 assistant to Erwin payr in Greifswald, with whom he moved to Königsberg in 1910. Under Paul Leopold Friedrich, who had taken over in 1911 the king Berger Chair, , Kirschner habilitated in 1911 with a pioneering work on the free tendon and Faszientransplantation. After the war he surgical activity in 1915 was entrusted with the representation of his diseased heads of Frederick as head of the clinic. 1916, the professorship was conferred on him permanently. By 1921, he built the hospital to fundamentally.

As the successor of Georg Clemens Perthes, who died suddenly followed by Kirschner in 1924 to teach at the University of Tübingen, where according to his instructions and plans a new surgical clinic was built.

The 1932 issued a call for Heidelberg, which was then " worst of all surgical clinics in Germany ," he at first refuses because he did not receive the required commitment from him for an instant new hospital building for the time being. The second call to Heidelberg with binding commitment of the new hospital in 1933, he accepted. By 1939, under his management, the then state of the art hospital on the campus where she is today. Since 1934 he was a Consultant Surgeon of the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht.

Kirschner died as Johann von Mikulicz from gastric carcinoma.

Performance

Kirschner was co-editor of various surgical journals and initiator and staff at standard surgical works of his time. He was a founding member of one of the most widely read surgical journals, " The Surgeon ". He enriched the particular anesthesia, for which he developed the high-pressure local anesthesia, the segmental spinal anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia. Associated with his name is the invention of the rotating drill wire ( K-wire ) for extension and internal fixation in the treatment of fractures. Other milestones of his surgical work include the first success in the Trendelenburg operation of pulmonary embolism on March 18, 1924 the synchronous abdominosakrale surgery of rectal cancer and the formation of an artificial esophagus from the tubular transformed and raised up to the neck stomach, a method still used. Besides, he already introduced in 1926 is still valid guidelines for the treatment of peritonitis. His 1938 put forward demands for emergency medical treatment at the emergency, tested and expanded in World War II, revolutionized the rescue and is still unchanged. 1934 Martin Kirschner was president of the German Society for Surgery.

Eponyms

  • Kirschner wire: a pointed steel wire which is drilled by rotating in the bones and there stuck, originally for attaching an extension, and later also used for the purpose of fixation. For details, see treatment of bone fractures.
  • Kirschner ischemia: modification of the Esmarch tourniquet, the compression is done by an inflatable cuff.
  • Stomach pull Kirschner: A procedure in esophageal surgery.
  • Kirschner table: A surgical table for rectal surgery.

Works (selection)

  • Kirschner and Alfred Schubert [ Hrsgg. ]: General and special surgical operation teaching, I- V, Berlin 1927-1940
  • Kirschner and Otto Nordmann [ Hrsgg. ]: The surgery. A summary of the general and special surgery, I-VI, Berlin - Vienna 1926-1930
  • A new method of Ösophagusplastik, Archives of Clinical Surgery 114 (1920) 2-59
  • A healed by the Trendelenburg operation case of embolism of the pulmonary artery, Archives of Clinical Surgery 133 (1924) 312-359
  • Treatment of acute suppurative peritonitis free, Archives of Clinical Surgery 142 (1926) 253-311
  • Improvements of the wire extension, Archives of Clinical Surgery 148 (1927) 651-658
  • The synchronous method combined with the radical treatment of colorectal cancer mast, Archives of Clinical Surgery 180 (1934) 296-308
  • The mobile surgical hospital ( x-rays, surgery and severely injured department ), Surgeon 10 (1938 ) 713-717
Wrocław Neuenheimer Feld Stomach cancer Digital Object Identifier Neue Deutsche Biographie Maximilian Joseph von Chelius Karl Otto Weber Gustav Simon (surgeon) Vincenz Czerny Albert Narath Max Wilms Erich Lexer Integrated Authority File
553218
de