Masterwort
Meisterwurz ( Peucedanum ostruthium )
Meisterwurz ( Peucedanum ostruthium, syn. Imperatoria ostruthium ) is a species of the genus hair strand ( Peucedanum ). The species is common in the Alpine region and is known as a medicinal plant.
Description
The Meisterwurz is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the stature heights between 30 and 100 centimeters. The type flows a strong spicy smell of carrots and celery after.
The rootstock is thick spindle-shaped, brown and milchend. He drives out underground runners. The shoot axis is upright, is terete and grooved. Inside it is tubular and hollow bald on the outside, except in the cones, where she is hairy rauflaumig.
The leaves are grass green and glabrous or on the underside of leaves, especially on the leaf veins, hairy bristly - ciliate fluffy and bristly at the edge. The entire blade reaches to 30 centimeters long and 34 centimeters wide. The lower basal leaves are often almost twice ternate. The first-order sections are stalked and deeply ( almost to the ground) in three parts. The lobes are elliptic to lanceolate, pointed, and 5-10 inches long and 4-7 inches wide. The Spreitenrand is not equal to doubly serrate with coarse spike tip to the teeth. The upper leaves are simply three - sleek, sitting on large, inflated, almost membranous sheaths usually.
The species flowers from June to August. The inflorescences are large, flat up to 50 - rayed umbels. The rays are thin, angular, unequal in length and hairy inner side fine rauflaumig. The umbellules are floriferous. The flower stems are very thin, almost smooth and considerably longer than the fruit.
Bracts absent or sometimes present leaved. The few Hüllchenblätter are borstlich, herbaceous and almost smooth. The Kelchsaum is blurred. The petals are white or reddish, about 1 to 1.5 mm long and 0.75 to 1 millimeter wide. You are almost smooth, very weak or blunt papillose, broadly obovate and easily nailed at the bottom. The tip is emarginate and with a chosen, pointed lobes.
The ovary is curved upper constant and conical, the stylus is between 1 and 1.5 millimeters long. The scar is capitate.
The gap fruit is yellowish-white with brownish disc, almost circular, 4-5 mm long and as wide. The tip is slightly emarginate and strongly compressed. The three ribs of the back part fruits are triangular projecting in cross section and obtuse separated by large bays. The thin edge wings are very wide, almost as wide as the case diameter at the widest point. The tissue of the pericarp is partially finely spotted, but thickened parenchymatous and hardly essential.
Ecology
The Meisterwurz is a deciduous Hemikryptophyt and a stem plant. Your rhizome smells aromatic.
The flowers are vormännliche " nectar leading disk flowers of Heracleum type ". You are andromonözisch that is, male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant. The flowers are abundantly visited by insects that use the inflorescences as the "sun deck ". Pollinators are, inter alia, Males of the species Tabanus brake borealis. The flowering period extends from June to July to August.
The fruits are schizocarps from Doppelachaenen. They spread as a glider pilot, along with random spreading is done by hoofed animals as well as humans spread as a cultural relic and Kulturflüchter. Fruit ripening is from September to October. The fruits are winter stayer.
Vegetative propagation is done by underground runners.
Toxicity
The plant has a photosensitizing furocoumarins through.
Dissemination
Meisterwurz is on mountain meadows, steep slopes, Kar and Hochstaudenfluren, on moist talus slopes, in Lawinenrunsen to bat communities ( where cattle outsourced ), green alder bushes and coppice, to slip spots in woods, at the foot of cliffs and stream banks within the Alps and foothills often. It prefers limestone and bedrock at altitudes between 1400-2700 meters. In the uplands and lowlands, the species is rare and mostly wild from former cultures.
In Germany the species is originally native only to the Bavarian Alps 1450-2100 meters. Individual reserves are found today but in the dies and the low mountain ranges. Throughout Austria, the species is widespread.
Further natural reserves are found in the Pyrenees. In the sporadic occurrence in northern Europe, including Iceland, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe, it is unclear whether these are natural. Sure neophyte reserves are found in North America in Newfoundland.
System
In addition to the nominotypischen taxon are two varieties:
- Peucedanum ostruthium var angustifolium ( Bell. ) Alef.
Benefit
Meisterwurz is traditionally used as a medicinal plant - was in ancient times but apparently unknown. Although Hildegard von Bingen knew a medicinal plant, which they called Astrencia, while it might be just as well to the Great Astrantia ( Astrantia major) act. In the 16th century at least the Meisterwurz Astrenz was called, whereas the Great Astrantia Schwartz Astrenz was called.
It is clear that Conrad Gesner in 1560 the cultivation of the master Wurzes recommends, and until the 19th century often found in gardens the way.
The rhizome contains 0.18 to 0.78 % ( in extreme cases up to 1.4%) Essential oils, most of which (about 35.2%) is sabinene. Other ingredients include 1.3% Oxypeucedanin ( C13H12O2 ), 0.5 % Ostruthin ( C18H20O8 ), 0.3 % Ostruthol ( C24H24O8 ) and 0.1% Osthol ( C12H18O2 ). Ostruthin is a coumarin for the 2003 inhibitory activity against various mycobacteria has been demonstrated.
From the roots of pills, powders, decoctions, infusions or ointments have been manufactured tremens as a universal remedy for bronchitis, asthma, delirium, infectious diseases, epilepsy, treatment of wounds, were used for stomach complaints, as an antidote, in dropsy or tooth pain. Meisterwurz was also part of the alcohol carminativus Sylvius. In Orvietan it was contained, a committee comprised of fifty-four different herbs panacea. From her brandy and herb cheese is made especially in mountainous areas. In Tyrol, the room was fumigated with the root at Christmas time. The root was used to, distribution of witches ' .
Natural enemies
Meisterwurz is the only food plant for the larvae of Oreina gloriosa, a beetle species.