Moritz Schiff

Josef Moritz Schiff ( born January 28, 1823 in Frankfurt am Main, † October 6, 1896 in Geneva ) was a German physiologist. He is the brother of the chemist Hugo Schiff.

Life

Ship completed training at the Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt. He then studied in Heidelberg, Berlin and most recently in Göttingen, where he also received his doctorate. Then he went to Paris with François Magendie François Achille Longet and (1811-1871) physiology, as well as to study zoology at the Jardin des Plantes. After his return to Frankfurt, he became director of the ornithological part of the Zoological Museum. In 1848 he served as a doctor in the revolutionary Baden troops.

From 1854 to 1863 the ship was professor of anatomy at the University of Bern. Previously, he had tried in Göttingen as a Privatdozent of Zoology habilitate, but had been rejected because of " dangerous activities" in his youth. From 1863 to 1876 he was professor of physiology at the Istituto di Studii superiori in Florence, then at the University of Geneva.

Work

Moritz ship is regarded as one of the most important biological scientists of the 19th century. His first major contribution to medical science he did in 1856 when he demonstrated that the removal of the thyroid gland in dogs is deadly. Later he stated that the death of the experimental animal was prevented if there was a thyroid graft or injections of thyroid extract. Ship was delivered from a local butcher sheep thyroid, she was grinding and thus successfully treated patients who had previously been operated on for goiter.

Ship was the first to the influence of the cerebral cortex to the bloodstream fixed, described the effect of the vagus nerve on the heart function and found that bile acids are subject to enterohepatic circulation.

Ship found itself exposed to because of its Animal Experiments massive criticism. He had to give up his laboratory in Florence and flee to Switzerland when he was put on trial for his animals. In this process, he led a skilful defense speech on the necessity and moral justification for animal testing. Ship took advantage of an early anesthetics for his experimental animals.

Writings (selection )

• Studies on the physiology of the nervous system with consideration of the pathology. J. Rütten, Frankfurt am Main 1855 (online).
• Textbook of Human Physiology - Part I. muscle and nerve physiology. M. Look Castle, Lahr 1858/59 (online).
• Studies on the formation of sugar in the liver and nervous system influence on the generation of the diabetes. Publisher of Stahel'schen book and art dealer, Würzburg 1859 ( online).
• About the function of the spleen. In: Swiss Journal of Medicine. Vol 1 (1862 ), pp. 201-247, 397-422 (online).
• Leçons sur la physiology de la digestion au Muséum d' histoire faites Naturelle de Florence. Rédigées par le Dr Emile Levier. Herman Loescher, Florence / Turin 1867 (online).
• Moritz Schiff's Collected contributions to physiology. 4 volumes. B. Benda, Lausanne 1894-1898 ( online: Vol 1, Vol 2, Vol 3, Vol 4).