Murraya

Orange lozenge ( Murraya paniculata ) leaves and fruits

The orange diamonds ( Murraya ) are a genus of flowering plants in the rue family ( Rutaceae ).

Description

Appearance and leaf

Murraya species grow as evergreen or deciduous rare ( Murraya alternans ) shrubs or trees. They contain essential oils. They are unarmed and there is no shaggy hair ( Indument ) on the end and side buds or young inflorescences available.

The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery or membranous, aromatic leaf blades are usually pinnate, sometimes they are paired pinnate or reduced to a pinnate leaf and glandular dotted. The lateral leaflets are usually alternate, rarely almost arranged alternately along the Blattrhachis. The leaflets are ovate, oblong, obovate, circular or triangular. There is Fiedernervatur and Netznervatur or is it just a piece of nerve available. The leaf margins may be smooth, notched or cut depending on the type. If stipules are present then they are transformed into glands.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowers are single or a few to many in terminal and / or pendent, paniculate or racemose zymösenn or little flower buds. The flower buds are ellipsoidal, broadly to narrowly obovate or nearly cylindrical. About small to large bracts are the stalked flowers.

The scented flowers are hermaphrodite radial symmetry to slightly zygomorphic and four or fünfzählig double perianth. The four or five hairy sepals are fused with each other cup-shaped at its base or to more or less half of their length. The four or five free petals overlap like roof tiles in the flower bud. There are rare five, usually eight or ten stamens present, the two circuits are of different lengths. The free, hairy or bald stamens are more or less linear and more or less straight. The anthers open with a longitudinal slot. The discus is ring, cushion, or columnar. The two to five carpels are fused into a two-to fünfkammerigen ovary. The fruit walls are straight. Each ovary chamber contains only one or two ovules. The three to seven pens are as long as the ovary, may be partially fused, and terminate in capitate or lobed scars.

Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The berry contains slimy fruit pulp but no juice sacs. The endocarp is fleshy. Sometimes on the fruit of the basal part of the style is still present.

The seeds have no endosperm. The membranous or fleshy seed coat is hairy or bald. The straight embryo has two elliptic, plano - convex cotyledons ( cotyledons ) that are neither rolled nor folded. The hypocotyl is partially enclosed by the cotyledons. The berries contain only one to a few seeds.

System

The genus Murraya in 1771 set up by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum, 2, pp. 554-555. Synonyms for Murraya L. are: Murraea JGKoenig ex L., L. Chalcas.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Murraya Merrilliinae from the tribe Aurantieae in the subfamily within the family Rutaceae Aurantioideae.

The scope of the genus Murraya been amended several times. The genus Murraya contains depending on the author of four to twelve species:

• Murraya alata Drake
• Murraya alternans ( wall. ex Kurz) Swingle ( Syn: Limonia alternans Wall ex Kurz. )
• Murraya crenulata ( Turcz. ) Oliv. ( Syn: Chalcas crenulata ( Turcz. ) Tanaka, Glycosmis crenulata Turcz. )
• Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata ( Syn: Chalcas euchrestifolia Tanaka, Clausena euchrestifolia ( Hayata ) Kanehira )
• Murraya ovatifoliolata ( Engl ) Domin ( Syn: Murraya paniculata var ovatifoliolata Engl )
• Orange lozenge ( Murraya paniculata ) (L. ) Jack ( Syn: Chalcas exotica (L.) Millsp, Chalcas paniculata L., Murraya exotica L.. )

Murraya sect. Bergera ( J.Koenig ex L.) But & YCKong now has the rank of a genus Bergera J.Koenig (four to nine species):

• Murraya caloxylon Ridl. is Merrillia caloxylon ( Ridl. ) Swingle
• Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. is again considered curry tree ( Bergera koenigii ) L..

Swell

• Dianxiang Zhang & Thomas G. Hartley: Murraya, pp. 85 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 18 April, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 (description and identification key of the Chinese taxa )
• Randall J. Bayer, David J. Mabberley, Cynthia Morton, Cathy H. Miller, Ish K. Sharma, Bernard E. Pfeil, Sarah Rich, Roberta Hitchcock & Steve Sykes: A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily ( Rutaceae: Aurantioideae ) using nine cpDNA sequences, In: American Journal of Botaty, Volume 96, Issue 3, 2009, pp. 668-685. doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800341 full text online.