Mycena galopus
The white milk end Mycena ( Mycena galopus )
The white milk end Mycena ( Mycena galopus, syn. Mycena galopoda ) is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. This widespread, small helmet Ling is easily recognized by its white milk, which he ceases when its stem is injured. His gray-brown fruiting bodies grow from May to the end of November to deciduous, coniferous litter or rotten wood.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 5.2 Subspecies and varieties
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is 1-2.5 cm broad, conical to bell-shaped, and sometimes carries a blunt hump. At the age he is somewhat flattened and the brim is more or less bent. The surface is bare, dry and serrated wavy almost to the middle. The color is very variable, it can be drab, but also off-white to dark black-brown. The center is usually darker, colored the edge brighter.
The slats are ascending, grown bulged, sometimes they run with a short tooth down on the stem. The slats are smooth to wire and often associated queradrig the age at the base. They are first whitish, then brownish white to pale gray-brown. The cutting edges are white and the spore powder is cream colored light.
The somewhat elastic, cylindrical to pencil -shaped stem is 5-8 cm long and 1-2 mm wide. It is hollow and smooth. Young specimens are frosted, but verkahlen for the most part. The stem is gray - brown in color, the stem tip is whitish - cream colored, colored, the base slightly darker. When canceling or cutting a white milky sap is excreted at least in fresh condition. The stem base is sometimes thickened and often hairy white striegelig.
The meat is thin and white and smells earthy and radish -like. The taste is mild and slightly herbaceous.
Microscopic characteristics
The smooth, amyloid spores are elliptical, sometimes almost pear- shaped, 11-14 microns long and 5-6 microns wide. The club-shaped basidia are 25-36 (-49 ) microns long and 7-9 microns wide. You are viersporig and have up to 7 microns long sterigmata. The cheilocystidia measure 39-95 x 8-18 microns and in places forming a sterile band on the cutting blades. In general, they are spindle-shaped, but can also be clavate to oval. Above they are tapered or forked. Only rarely do they have at the top or side of gross excesses. The pleurocystidia look similar, they are also spindle-shaped. The lamellae is dextrinoid and turns brown with iodine solution to wine. The hyphae of the hat skin ( Pileipellis ) are 1-3.5 microns wide, branched and sparse to dense with 2-4.5 microns long and 1-2 microns wide outgrowths covered. Tend all hyphae are gelled something. The hyphae of the stem bark layer are 1.5-4.5 microns wide. They have widely scattered to close texture, easy to fork-shaped outgrowths ( 1.5-10 × 1-2 microns ). The end cells are up to 4.5 microns wide and smooth to be bagged.
Artabgrenzung
The white milk end helmet Ling can hardly be confused with another helmet Ling since his stem exudes a white milky sap when an injury. This feature is unique among Helmlingen.
The Bitter Mycena ( Mycena erubescens ) exudes a watery - whitish and bitter-tasting juice. Other milk end Mycena species are recognized by their colored milk. The purple -edged blood - helmet Ling (M. sanguinolenta ) and Large blood - helmet Ling (M. haematopus ) have a blood-red milk while the Gelbrotmilchende helmet Ling (M. crocata ) excretes yellow- saffron milk drops.
Old, dry specimens are difficult to distinguish from other gray-brown species. In this case, one can recognize by their large, narrow spores and the large, spindle-shaped Cheilo and pleurocystidia them microscopically.
Ecology
The helmet Ling often appear in droves in forests of all kinds, where it is found in moss beds, Rohhumusauflagen and leaves, as well as lying on the ground, rotten wood and rotten tree stumps. The fungus usually grows on spruce, but also at beeches, he also was found on oak, alder, maple, ash and other deciduous trees, as well as pine, white fir and larch.
The fruiting bodies appear from June to early December, when humid mild weather already from the end of April and beginning of February.
Dissemination
The Holarctic species is widespread throughout the Erdnordhalbkugel and has a meridional to boreal ( subarctic ) area of distribution. The helmet Ling was detected in Northern Asia ( the Caucasus, Siberia, Japan ), North America (USA, Canada), in the Canary Islands, North Africa (Algeria, Morocco) and Europe. In Europe it is found in the south in Spain, Balearics, Corsica, Italy and Romania, to the west of France, the Benelux countries and the UK, there northward up to the Hebrides and Shetland up. In Central Europe it is widespread ( Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland). In the East, its range extends up to Belarus and Russia, in the north- east to Estonia and in the north it includes quite a Fennoscandia. The northern boundary is at about the 69th degree of latitude.
In Germany and Austria the nature of the Danish border is up into the Alps widespread and common.
System
Infra Generic Systematics
The white milk end helmet Ling is in the section Lactipedes (Fr.) Quél. provided. When the representatives of the section is small to medium sized Mycena, which secrete a whitish milk for any breach of the stem. In Europe, the section contains two to three species.
Subspecies and varieties
We distinguish several varieties that are considered by some authors as distinct species. In the field, only two play a significant role.
- Mycena galopus var candida Lange ( 1914)
- White milk Ender Black Mycena ( Mycena galopus var nigra) Rea ( 1922)
Importance
Like all Mycena is also the white milk end Mycena no edible mushroom.