New Year

New Year (also New Year's Day ) is the first day of the calendar year. Due to different part in individual cultures and religions chronologies and thus calendar is the beginning of the year at different times. In almost all cultures connected with associated customs with him a Chinese New Year.

New Year's period in Western culture room

In the year 153 BC, the Romans laid on their calendar the beginning of the year from March 1 to January 1, on the day of taking office the consuls. They named the years after the terms of office of the consuls. This also lost the Zählmonate ( September, so much as the seventh; October, the eighth, November the ninth, in December, the tenth) their corresponding positions.

Until such time as the New Year's Day in 1691 by Pope Innocent XII. on January 1 was in many parts of Europe January 6 as the beginning.

In Western culture space is January 1, widely used as the date for the beginning of the year since the Middle Ages. Regardless, there have been times in different regions and other data, and moreover, sometimes various New Year dates were in the same geographic areas used simultaneously.

Also worth mentioning are the following used mainly in the church variants:

  • The Circumcision (from the Latin circumcisio = Circumcision of Jesus on the 8th day of life ) can start the year on 1 January
  • The Annunciationsstil (from Latin annuntiatio = proclamation of the Immaculate Conception at Mary) on 25 March
  • Christmas style on December 25
  • The Paschalstil (from Latin pascha = Easter) between 22 and 23 March and 25 April

New Year dates

Fixed dates

  • Civilian Orthodox New Year corresponds to 1 January according to the Julian calendar; see below September 14
  • Ancient Roman calendar until 153 BC
  • Russia 988 to 1475-1500
  • Venice until 1797
  • In the Bahá'í calendar, the year begins on March 21 in common years, and March 20 in leap years, the Naw Ruz or Nowruz is called. This holiday is celebrated in Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, the Parsi community in India, Kosovo, Pakistan, and by the Kurds and allegedly goes back to Zarathustra.
  • The first day of the year in Iranian calendar is determined by the astronomical beginning of spring, the vernal equinox (see Nowruz ). This is located in the Gregorian calendar between March 19 and March 21. When the time of the spring equinox before 12:00 local time clock is Tehran, this day, the first day of new year, otherwise the next day.
  • Used in Germany to the 13th century
  • Florence and Pisa from the Renaissance to 1749
  • Scotland to 1600
  • England to 1752
  • Thailand (see the article Songkran )
  • Khmer New Year and the Tamil
  • Nepal
  • Byzantine Empire
  • Russia between the mid-13th century to 1701 (Peter the Great)
  • New Year of the Copts and Ethiopia; as well as the Rastafari
  • Church Orthodox New Year corresponds to the 1 September following Julian calendar; see above January 14
  • France, 1793-1805, see the article French Revolutionary Calendar
  • Celtic New Year; Day of the Death Goddess Hellia
  • Celtic New Year in neo-paganism, see also Samhain
  • Spread in England, Germany and Switzerland to the 16th century
  • Spain 14th to 16th century

Moving dates

  • Chinese New Year (see there)
  • Jewish New Year (see there)
  • Muslim New Year ( fatih mouharram ) Muslim New Year 1429: January 10, 2008
  • Muslim New Year 1430: December 29, 2008
  • Muslim New Year 1431: December 17, 2009
  • Muslim New Year 1432: December 7, 2010
  • Muslim New Year 1433: November 26, 2011
  • Muslim New Year 1434: November 15, 2012
  • Muslim New Year 1435: November 4, 2013
  • Muslim New Year 1436: October 25, 2014
  • Muslim New Year 1437: October 14, 2015
Roman consul Zoroaster Iranian calendars Songkran (Thailand) September 11 September 22 October 31 Rosh Hashanah Integrated Authority File
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