Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
Nikolaievsk on-Amur (Russian Николаевск - на - Амуре / Nikolaievsk -na- Amure ) is a town in Khabarovsk (Russia) with 22,752 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
The city is located in the lower Amurniederung, about 1000 km north of the regional capital Khabarovsk on the left bank of the Amur here two kilometer wide near its mouth.
The city Nikolaievsk on-Amur is the Republic of subordinated administratively directly and as the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons.
History
On August 1, 1850 is a military post with name Nicolaevsky was at the site of the present Nikolaievsk at the instigation of the later Admiral Gennady Nevelskoi post set, named after the then Russian Tsar Nikolai I.. Within a short time the settlement was one of the major economic centers of the Pacific coast of Russia. In 1853 it was renamed the Nikolaievsk, 1855, the relocation of the main port on the Pacific coast of Russia from Petropavlovsk -Kamchatsky. 1856 was the site of a town. With the establishment of Primorye oblast (1858 ), the city became the administrative center.
In consequence, however, it turned out that both the sandbanks in the mouth of the Amur and the five-month ice guide vessel traffic disabled to an extent that the main Pacific port was moved to the more conveniently located Vladivostok early 1870s. 1880 Nikolaievsk also lost its function as Oblastzentrum to the central and climatically advantageous location Khabarovsk. The decline of the city was held back by gold discoveries in the hinterland indeed, yet in his travel book The Island of Sakhalin describes the transient, writer Anton Chekhov the city in 1890 as drab and run down.
As of the end of the 19th century, it came through the development of the fishing industry and shipyards back to a modest rebound. In the Russian Civil War the city was occupied by Japanese troops, however, and, almost completely burnt down during subsequent fighting in 1920 in the so called Nikolaievsk incident, by Russian partisans.
Following an interim membership of the Far Eastern Republic was in 1926 renamed Nikolaievsk -on-Amur, with confirmation by the city law.
Demographics
Note: 1897 from 1926 census data
Culture and sights
The municipal home museum houses ethnographic and archaeological collections, which are among the most interesting of the Russian Far East. Originally founded in 1858, it burned down in 1871 and was opened in 1946 with a new collection.
In the city there are several memorials, so for the city's founder Nevelskoi (1915 ). 17 kilometers away from the town are the remains of the demolished in 1920 by the partisans Nikolajewsker fortress.
Around 1940 there was a camp in the Gulag system in the city ..
Economy and infrastructure
Main economic activities are fishing, fish processing and ship repair, food industry and in the environment agriculture (vegetables, fodder crops, livestock ).
Nikolaievsk can not be reached by land. The city has a lake and a river port on the Amur and an airport.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Yuri Chaika, Prosecutor General of Russia
- Vladimir Ustinov, politician and former Minister of Justice of Russia