Novorossiya

New Russia (Russian Новороссия, Noworossija ) is a historical area, which mainly comprises the southern part of present-day Ukraine with the historical territory of Bessarabia, sometimes the Eastern Ukraine, and parts of southern Russia, which lie on the Azov and the Black Sea.

History

The New Russia Province was established after pushing back the Ottomans and the Crimean Tatars in 1765 and existed until 1789, where the term continued to exist for a long time in the unofficial language. Before inclusion into the Russian Empire, the area of ​​Russia for a long time under the Poland - Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire had been controversial. This and the regular raids of the Tatars of the Nogai Horde and the Crimean Tatars had the consequence that in particular the southern steppe areas were settled only slightly ( " Wild field "). The northwestern part of the province had been against inhabited since the 16th century, again by Ukrainians in the short term also built a Cossack state there. From there, attacked and devastated they turn the hinterland of the Ottoman- Tatar coastal cities. Against them the eyalet Silistrien had been set up, which also belonged to Ukrainian territories that fell later than New Russia to Russia.

Colonization Neurusslands took place under the leadership of Prince Potemkin, who received almost unlimited powers of the Empress Catherine the Great. The land was distributed to Russian landowners who brought farmers from Central Russia. Many new cities were founded, including Odessa, Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, Jekaterinoslaw (now Dnipropetrovsk ), Alexandrovsk / Olexandriwsk (now Zaporizhia ), Mykolaiv, Kherson and others.

The capital was initially Neurusslands Krementschuk, but with the newly established Jekaterinoslaw should ultimately be the administrative center. A special role was also to the construction of the port cities, because Russia on his drive to the Straits a powerful fleet in the sea Schwaren needed to further push back the Ottomans. With the creation of the Ukrainian SSR her most of the former Neurusslands was connected. 1954, the Ukraine was handed the Crimean peninsula, which was until then under the administration of the Russian SFSR.

Immigration policy

The Guardianship Chancellery for foreign settlers in Saint Petersburg was responsible for the management of non-Russian settlers to the year 1766. Then the Saratov welfare office for foreign settlers in Saratov was born. This approach proved successful and so, in 1799 the New Russia - care office for foreign settlers and 1803 office headed by the Duke of Richelieu for the settlers in the area of Odessa. In 1804 he also took over the management of the New Russia still - care Kontor. In 1818 the New Russia - care office oversaw 84 colonies with 17,000 inhabitants and the warehouse in Odessa 44 colonies with 15,500 residents.

1818, the management of the settlers was reorganized and founded the welfare committee for foreign settlers in southern Russia in Kherson, which has three branches in the governorates Jekaterinoslaw (now Dnipropetrovsk ), Kherson ( with Odessa) and Bessarabia, which each economic and legal problems in their regulated area. The committee existed until 1871 to the abolition of the privileges of the colonists.