Nuphar

Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)

Water lilies ( Nuphar ) is the only genus in the subfamily Nupharoideae of the family Nymphaeaceae ( Nymphaeaceae ). The botanical genus name is derived from nénuphar Nuphar, an ancient Arabic or Persian name.

Features

The water lilies species are perennial, herbaceous plants. These water plants form a rhizome that grows in the soil surface. The rhizome is formed by swaged internodes elongated stretched, and hardly branched dorsiventrally in cross section. The sprossbürtigen ( here formed on the rhizome ) roots are plump and sparsely branched. The main root is short-lived.

There shall be both water and floating leaves. The alternate arranged leaves have a long, edged and at the base slightly differ -ended petiole. Your at the bottom of deeply incised leaf blade is entire, oval to roundish. Lateral nerves first order of blade run under multiple branching toward the leaf edge. The ever-present water leaves are light green. Stipules absent.

Bracts are reduced or absent, bracteoles are never trained. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are long petioles. The perianth consists of usually five (four to seven) large, often yellow and spiral standing sepals, as well as from many (usually 13) and smaller as yellow colored and spirally arranged leaves kronblattartigen honey. The stamens spirally questions are very numerous present and connected to the honey leaves by gradual transitions. The equally numerous carpels are fused to the dorsal and ventral side with the floral axis and in this way form a continuous top fruit stand. The individual carpels possess numerous hanging, side- parietal ovules.

The sepals remain on the ripe fruit. The fruits are berry-like, when ripe, they release the pouch- like, enclosing the seed carpels by peeling the shell axis. The smooth seeds lacking a seed coat.

Systematics and distribution

The widespread only in the northern hemisphere genus of water lilies is widespread in the Holarctic, as well as in directly adjacent subtropical areas.

The first publication of the genus was made in 1809 by James Edward Smith in J. Sibthorp & Smith JE: Fl. Graec. Prodr, 1: . 361 A synonym for Nuphar Sm is Nymphozanthus Rich ..

The genus Nuphar is divided into two sections. Today in the genus are included only eight species; earlier ten to 20 species:

  • Section Astylus: With four species and one natural hybrid: All native to North America species belong in this section: American pond lily (Nuphar advena ( Aiton ) WTAiton ): home is the warm and temperate Atlantic North America, every now and then cultivated in Europe: Four subspecies are held with some authors as distinct species: Nuphar advena ( Aiton ) W.T.Aiton subsp. advena
  • Nuphar advena subsp. orbiculata (Small) Padgett ( Syn: Nuphar bombycina (GS Mill & Standlschmaus ) Standlschmaus. . ), Nuphar orbiculata (Small) Standley: The home is North America.
  • Nuphar advena subsp. ozarkana (. GSMill. & Standlschmaus ) Padgett ( Syn: Nuphar ozarkana ( GSMill. & Standlschmaus ) Standlschmaus. . )
  • Nuphar advena subsp. ulvacea (. GSMill. & Standlschmaus ) Padgett ( Syn: Nuphar ulvacea ( GSMiller & Standley ) Standley ): The home is Florida.
  • Section Nuphar: With four species and two natural hybrids: Japanese pond lily (Nuphar japonica DC. ): Home is the warm-to- temperate Japan.
  • Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith): The distribution ranges from China (only the province of Xinjiang ) on Kazakhstan, Siberia to the south-western Asia to Europe and Africa.
  • Nuphar microphylla ( Persoon ) Fernald ( Syn: Nuphar kalmiana ( Michaux ) WTAiton, N. minima ( Willd.) Smith): It has areas in many parts of the Holarctic.
  • Small pond lily (Nuphar pumila ( Timm ) DC; Syn. Nymphaea lutea L. pumila var Timm, Nymphaea lutea subsp pumila ( Timm ) Bonnier & Layens, Nymphaea pumila ( Timm ) Hoffmann, Nuphar shimadae Hayata. ): It has areas in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and northern Europe. With three subspecies (selection): Nuphar pumila subsp. oguraensis ( Miki ) Padgett ( Syn: Nuphar oguraensis Miki )
  • Nuphar pumila L. subsp. pumila ( Syn: .. . Nuphar bornetii H.Lév & Vaniot, Nuphar centricavata J. Schust, Nuphar minima ( Willd.) Sm, Nuphar ozeensis Miki, Nuphar shimadae Hayata )
  • Nuphar pumila subsp. sinensis ( Handel-Mazzetti ) D.Padgett ( Syn: Nuphar sinensis Hand. - Mazz. )

Swell

  • John. H. Wiersema & C. Barre Hellquist: Nuphar in the Flora of North America, Volume 3: Online. (English )
  • Fu Dezhi & Donald Padgett: Nuphar in the Flora of China, Volume 6, page 115: Online. (English )
  • DJ Padgett: A monograph of Nuphar ( Nymphaeaceae ) in Rhodora, 109, 2007, pp. 1-95. .
Nuphar polysepala Gustav Hegi Agricultural Research Service
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