Ottoman dynasty
The house Osman ( خاندان آل عثمان / hanedan -ı al- i ʿ Osman /, dynasty of the house of Osman ', also سلاله آل عثمان / sülāle - ʾ i ʿ al- i Osman ) was the ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, named after him. Founded by Osman I, it turned from 1299 to 1922, the Turkish emirs and sultans and 1517-1924, the Caliph of Islam.
Heir to the throne was to the 15th century one son of the ruler upon whom the rule. With its Ḳānūnnāme Mehmed II allowed the fratricide of the sultans. The succession rules followed by customary law since Ahmed I. and since the Ottoman constitution after gesatztem law the principle of the Presbytery. After independence from the Seljuk Empire, the monarch wore only the title of Emir ( Gazi ), from Murad I. the title of Sultan and Padishah. The residences of the house were Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1335-1365), Edirne (1365-1453) and Kostantiniyye / Istanbul ( 1453-1922 ).
History of the house Osman
The name derives from Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire.
Principality of Osman at times the Anatolian Principalities (13th century)
After 1235 the Rum Seljuk dynasty the upper hand of the Mongols had acknowledged ( Ilkhanate ), Turcoman tribes migrated increasingly to Western Anatolia. It originated many Turkish principalities in central and western Anatolia, bordering on the Byzantine Empire ( see figure). Osman's father Ertoghrul moved on with his tribe at the same time from eastern Anatolia to Eskisehir - Sakarya.
Osman I joined in 1288 succeeded his father Ertuğrul and was head of his tribe. The tribe belonged to the Kayi, a subgroup of the Oghuz. After the conquest of Karacahisar Osman was appointed in 1288 by the Seljuk Sultan Bey for / princes, which was founded in the Principality of Osman. As vassals the Sultanate of Rum Seljuk principalities served in a federation of several principalities until 1299 Osman I declared his principality independent. His son Orhan I. conquered Bursa and consolidated the power of the family in Anatolia.
On November 1, 1922, the Ottoman monarchy was formally abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly under Mustafa Kemal. The last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI. , Left the kingdom on 17 November 1922, went into exile in San Remo. His successor Abdülmecit II was only Caliph. The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished on March 1, 1924, the family was exiled. On March 4, he left his palace at 5.00 clock. Two of his four wives, son and daughter, personal physician, secretary and valet accompanied him. At the Swiss border, the travel company was stopped as polygamists immigration was prohibited. Only one exemption allowed the stay. Later Abdülmecit lived in Nice. He died in Paris in 1945. The house Osman has amassed a fortune during his comprehensive six centuries rule whose cost is estimated at 120 billion U.S. dollars of today's purchasing power (as of 2010 ). At commencement of exile, the family was expropriated.
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Heads of family in exile (from 1924)
In the family there are two lines derived respectively from Mahmud II.
- The line of Abdülmecid and
- The line of Abdulaziz.
A prince had descended from a paternal line and his Muslim faith. After the Turkish Grand National Assembly had banished with a parliamentary decision, the family, the princes, the women and children had within a day, within a week, leaving the kingdom. They were managed with the Baghdad Railway across the border to Bulgaria. Sultan Mehmed VI. moved with his wife in San Remo a villa that was made by the Italian king available. 1949, the government authorized the entry permit to former princesses. The Mehmet VI widow. was returned to Turkish citizenship. The grandson of Mehmed VI. , Prince Nazim was allowed to settle in 1974 in Istanbul. In 1991, the exile was lifted and the then head of the family, Prince Mehmed Orhan, traveled to the Republic of Turkey. In 2004, the 43rd head of the house, Ertugrul Osman, Turkish citizenship through the initiative of Tayyip Erdogan. Since his death on September 23, 2009, Prince Osman Bayezid III. the head of the house of Osman.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire was also the emblem of the imperial family, with the corresponding tugra of the reigning sultan.