Paeonia lactiflora
Wild Paeonia lactiflora form of
Paeonia lactiflora, sometimes called milk White Peony or Chinese Peony, is a flowering plant in the family peony plants ( Paeoniaceae ). Home is in central and eastern Asia, southern Siberia of, Mongolia, Tibet across northern China to the Russian Far East, as well as Korea. It is called with many varieties, even precious peony, used as an ornamental plant.
- 2.1 dissemination
- 2.2 Locations and plant sociology
Description
The type Paeonia lactiflora differs from many other species of the genus in that it carries a diploid set of chromosomes and next to a terminal flower also has lateral buds.
Vegetative characteristics
Paeonia lactiflora grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of 50 to 60 cm. The stem is bare and bright green in color with red trace.
The lower leaves are twice ternate ( biternat ). The leaf blade is entire, rarely lobed, elliptic to lanceolate with wedge- shaped base and pointed to sharpened, more rarely rounded or bespitztem upper end. The leaf edges are serrated with small cartilaginous teeth. The upper leaf surface is dark green and glabrous except for hairs on the leaf veins and the leaf surface is bare or with short hairs on the leaf veins.
Generative features
Each stalk bears two or more flowers. The pleasantly sweet scented flowers are hermaphrodite radial symmetry with a diameter of 6 to 7 cm. The white petals are obovate and measure 3 to 4 ( to 5 cm) in length and 2-3 cm in width. The many stamens are 1.5 cm long. The stamens and anthers are yellow. There are four to five free, bald carpels present.
Are formed follicles.
Occurrence
Dissemination
The East Asian Paeonia lactiflora circulation area ranges in the west of Baikalien to Ussuria on the Pacific in the east, and from southern Siberia ( Daurien, also known as Trans-Baikal region ) to Tibet. Paeonia lactiflora In China comes in Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, and on Mount Wutai in Shanxi before. Paeonia lactiflora is also common in North Korea and Mongolia.
Locations and plant sociology
Locations and ecology of milk white peony have been described in the Soviet Union by Alexander M. Zarubin and TI Bykova 1988 closer. Then Paeonia lactiflora is in steppes - and forest steppes spread. Locations are open rocky slopes, dry meadows on river terraces, forest clearings, light forest edges, in shrub groups, in broad river valleys, and the slopes of river banks. You are here phytosociological components of many mixed plant communities.
In the back -Baikal area also true Peony steppes are found. You are in the southeastern Daurien from an area behind the Klitschkinskij Mountains, described east of the village dono. This Peony steppes are found on mountain slopes and in ravines at different exposure and different steep slopes. Locations are just flat or slightly - hilly habitats. Associated grasses are closed medium high and moderately in these locations. As stony soils, little humuse Rendzinen black, rarely dark - brown forest soils or steppe soils are colonized.
In the Peony Paeonia lactiflora steppes dominated with a consistency of 200 to 300 copies on 100 m². The peonies with coverage levels of 20 to 40% are the distinguishing characteristics of the species peonies steppe. In addition, Stipa baicalensis are, Koeleria cristata, '' Leymus chinensis, Poa attenuata dominant. In addition, even Scabiosa comosa, Lilium pumilum, Iris dichotoma, Scutellaria baicalensis, Veronica dahurica, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Galium verum, Dianthus versicolor, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Platycodon grandiflorus, Schizonepeta multifida, Trigonella ruthenica, Sanguisorba officinalis, Serratula centauroides, Trifolium lupine aster, Potentilla tanacetifolia, filifolium sibiricum ..
Peonia lactiflora also occurs as a component of other steppe types ( Tanacetum, Stipa, and others).
Through strong grazing Päonienhorste die but decreases with time.
System
In their area of distribution no subspecies are currently being excreted.
1776 had shown valid in the Third Volume of the journey through various provinces of the Russian Empire Peter Simon Pallas this peony Paeonia lactiflora as with associated protologue ( first mention ). Pallas had this plant on 6/7 July 1772 collected in the mountains around Lake Baikal and in the catchment area of the Selenga. He is listed in the protologue to Paeonia lácteo flore (sic ): A sufficiently distinguished by their flowers and leaves of the common Peony Art
Pallas it later but at the same time an invalid synonymy in the formation of a new Epithets to Paeonia albiflora, which was published in 1788 in his Flora of Russia. Then Pallas erroneous synonymy was also lower by Henry Charles Andrews and Aimé Bonpland continued as a scientific name of the species. The accepted scientific name is valid but the first mention in the protologue 1776.
In the classical description of this genus Paeonia by Stern 1946, Paeonia lactiflora this in the section Paeon, subsection Foliolatae lactiflorae in the group. In the latest revision to Paeonia Hong De - Yuan Paeonia lactiflora 2010 and its closest related species Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle, Paeonia Paeonia anomala sterniana HRFletcher and L. subsp subspecies Paoniea anomala. veitchii D.Y. Hong & K.Y. Pan to section III. Paeonia in the subsection Albiflorae ( Salm- Dyck ) DY Hong asked.
History as an ornamental plant and varieties
The wild species was introduced to Europe by Abraham Hume ( 1810) and Whiley (1808 ) in the early 19th century. Paeonia lactiflora is today due to their eye-catching, often double flowered varieties the most important horticultural peony.
Paeonia lactiflora has seen use as a utility and decorative plant in East Asia for thousands of years. The first accounts of the use as an ornamental plant in China were occupied for the first century and 536 several cultivars have been here already distinguished. The first horticultural cultivars of Edelpäonie as gifts of the Chinese Emperor Napoleon came at the beginning of the First Empire to Europe. For the promotion and Joséphine from the progeny of plants their peony collection in the garden of the castle Malmaison these were soon made popular in France and subsequently in Europe.
From Milk White Peony most of today's modern Gartenvarietäten the peonies come from ( except the farmer peonies peony varieties of Commons are ).
The several hundred selected cultivars are distinguished by their flower shape, size, color and flowering time. Many varieties are doubly filled; in these the stamens are transformed into additional petals.
For several decades, hybrids are bred with other species, they have in comparison to the varieties of Paeonia but always lactiflora an earlier flowering time, have only very rarely double flowers have no scent, are often hairy ( stems, leaves, fruit leaves) and different in the leaf shape, the Fiederteilung the lower leaves and more generally in the splendor of the foliage ( with the exception of the hybrids were crossed with Paeonia peregirna ) but much of Laktiflora varieties.
Cultivars
Overview of some major filled Peonies and their introduction