Pammakaristos Church

The Church of the Theotokos Pammakaristos ( the Most Holy Theotokos ) or Pammakaristos church, now known as Fethiye Mosque (Fethiye Camii), was one of the most famous Byzantine churches in Istanbul Opel. The side chapel ( parekklesion ) of the former monastery church has Pammakaristos after the Hagia Sophia and Chora Church, most mosaics in Istanbul and is since 1949 a museum.

Location

Pammakaristos Church is located in the Fatih district, near the Theodosian land walls.

History

According to the vast number of sources, the church was completed in its present form in 1292 by John II Komnenos, a member of the royal family, and his wife Anna Doukaina. Many historians and archaeologists believe, however, that the original design was older and they write to Michael VII Ducas. Among others, the Swiss scholar and Byzantinist Ernest Mamboury was of the opinion that the original building was built in the 8th century.

The church was rebuilt in 1315 in honor of the General and the Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos Protostrators, Michael Tarchaniotes Glabas by his wife Martha Glabas that even the rich configured with mosaics and frescoes parekklesion (presumably as a grave chapel ) donated that on the south side of the church was added.

After the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453 Opel was the first Apostle Church and from 1456 Pammakaristos church seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople Opel, which then remained until 1587 the seat of the Patriarchate. Thereafter, the seat of the Patriarchate from George's Cathedral in 1600.

Five years later transformed the Ottoman Sultan Murad III. the church into a mosque, and she called to his own honor to after the conquest ( Turkish fetih ) of Georgia and Azerbaijan in Fethiye Camii. Most of the interior walls were removed to create a larger interior, which met the requirements of prayer. The minaret was only added at the end of the 19th century. The building complex was restored in 1949 by the Byzantine Institute of America and the study center of Dumbarton Oaks. While the main building is still used as a mosque, the parekklesion has since become a museum.

Description

The former Pammakaristos monastery church was a church dealing with a naos and narthex own. The tripartite apse was replaced by a mihrab.

In parekklesion a mosaic showing under the main dome of the Pantocrator in the circle of the Old Testament prophets (Moses, Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Micah, Joel, Zechariah, Obadiah, Habakkuk, Jonah, Malachi, Ezekiel and Isaiah ). In the apse of the parekklesion there is a Deesis shown are Hyperagathos Jesus, the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. The Baptism of Christ is the only completely preserved szenarische representation in parekklesion.