Patriarch Philaret of Moscow

Philaret (Russian Филарет / Filaret, real name Фёдор Никитич Романов / Fyodor Romanov Nikititch; * 1553; .. † 1 Oktoberjul / October 11 1633greg ) was from 1619 to 1633 Patriarch of Moscow and co-regent at the court of the Russian Tsar.

Progenitor of the Romanovs

Philaret was the son of Nikita Romanov († 1586) and eudokia Gorbaty - Schuiski. He married Ksenija Ioannovna Schestowa, which was later banished as a nun Marfa in a monastery. She bore him the later Tsar Michael I.

Philarets father Nikita Romanovich was the brother of Anastasia Romanovna, who married in 1547 Tsar Ivan IV and 1560 died. This made for cousin Philaret of Tsarevich Dmitri († 1553), Ivan ( who was slain in 1581 by his father) and also the cousin of Tsar Feodor I

As Fyodor Romanov Nikititch he was the head of the Moscow boyar Romanov Yuriev and is the progenitor of the Romanov dynasty. After he was defeated by the Tsar throne in 1598 in the struggle for power, he was forced by Boris Godunov in 1601 to go to the monastery and drop the monastic vows, where he (also Filaret ) took the name Filaret.

Power struggles

Under the rule Pseudodmitris I. He returned to Moscow in 1605 and was in the years 1606-1610 Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl. 1606 he participated in the overthrow of the first False Dmitry. 1608 he fell into captivity Pseudodimitris II in 1610 was his return to Moscow, where he worked mainly on the lintel Wassilis IV Schuiski. At this time, Philaret am committed to appoint a foreign prince on the throne tsar. In this sense, he negotiated with Poland on a candidacy of Sigismund III. In connection with its refusal to accept the conditions of the Polish side, Philaret was arrested and deported to Poland in 1611.

It was not until 1619 he was allowed to return home from the royal custody to Russia. Meanwhile, his son Michael Fyodorovich had been elected by the Zemsky Sobor in 1613 for Tsar. He appointed his father after his return in 1619 to the Patriarch of Moscow.

Co-ruler with Tsar Michael I.

Philaret was the official co-regent of Michael I, who had ascended the Russian throne on July 11, 1613 (Coronation ). He determined the policy, particularly the foreign policy of the empire. In the 1620s his thoughts were entirely up to the vengeance of Poland, but also the internal reforms, such as the finance, he pushed forward with great zeal. Even more was anxious to get the Romanov dynasty, and he urged his son to marry, so that the succession could be ensured. The war against Poland began in April 1632, but it should not become the success that is Philaret had imagined. Middle of the war he died, the Tsar had to pay as a result of defeat over 20,000 rubles and all conquered territories to return.