Petrocosmea

Petrocosmea rosettifolia

Petrocosmea is a genus of flowering plants in the family of Gesneriad ( Gesneriaceae ). The approximately 30 species occur in southern China, in northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand and southern Vietnam.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Petrocosmea species grow terrestrial or lithophytic as an evergreen perennial, herbaceous plants. They are stemless ( acaulescent ) and form rhizomes.

The few to many arranged in basal rosettes leaves are stalked. The simple leaf blades are ovate to circular, with wedge - shaped to heart- Spreitenbasis and pointed, blunt or rounded upper end; it is rarely peltate ( Peltatum ). The leaf blade is usually fluffy and soft, silky or velvety hairy rare.

Inflorescences and flowers

On lateral, more or less long Blütenstandsschäften are the most zymösen, rarely almost doldigen inflorescences, in which usually take up to four, rarely up to seven flowers are loosely over each with a cover page along; there are usually two available against or AC permanent bracts.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are fünfzählig double perianth. The top five same or rarely unequal sepals are usually free, fused at their base to a maximum radial symmetry, rarely zygomorphic, five - or three-part cup. The colors of the inside mostly bare or rarely fluffy hairy, petals ranging from white to purple to blue. The five petals are a short, zygomorphen corolla tube which has a diameter of 2 to 5 mm, intergrown. The two Kronlippen are longer than the corolla tube. The upper lip is at most equal to or much shorter than the lower lip. The upper lip has two Kronlappen. The flat lower lip has three more or less equal, rounded Corolla lobe. It's just a couple of fertile stamens present; they do not project beyond the corolla tube. The short stamens are insert near the base of the corolla tube. There may be one to three intergrown with the corolla tube staminodes. Discus and nectaries absent. The conical to broadly ovate, under constant, unilocular ovary contains two parietal placentas. The style ends in a capitate to often almost spherical scar.

Fruit and seeds

The straight, not twisted capsule fruits are narrowly ellipsoid, oblong to ovate, and nearly as long as the calyx. The fruit capsules open at maturity loculicidal with two flaps to their base out. The very fine seeds have no appendages.

Chromosome numbers

The chromosome numbers be 2n = 32, 34

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​about 30 Petrocosmea species ranges from northeastern India through Myanmar and Thailand to the southern China and southern Vietnam. The center of diversity, with about 24 species of southern China, while the species are found only in China's Yunnan Province and second most also or only in Sichuan most often.

They thrive on moist rocks and shady, steep slopes in forests and above the tree line at an altitude 500-3100 meters.

System

The genus Petrocosmea 1887 by Daniel Oliver in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, Volume 18 (1 ), table 1716 with the type species Petrocosmea sinensis Oliv. positioned. The type specimen was collected by A. Henry. The botanical genus name Petrocosmea is derived from the Greek words: πετρος, petros for rock or stone and κοσμος, κοσμεα, cosmos, Kosmea for beautiful, ornament, decoration, ornament from, so directly translated " the ornament of the Rock", this refers to that the type species and many other species grow on rocks. A synonym for Petrocosmea Oliv. is Vaniotia H.Lév ..

The genus belongs to the tribe Petrocosmea Didymocarpeae from the Didymocarpoiden within the family Gesneriaceae.

There are about 30 Petrocosmea species ( here with their occurrence):

• Petrocosmea barbata Craib: This endemic species occurs in shady, rocky sites only in the Chinese province of Yunnan (only in Kunming and Xian Xian Songming ) at an altitude of about 2100 meters before.
• Petrocosmea begoniifolia CYWu ex HWLi: This endemic species occurs only in valleys of Yunnan province (only in Jingdong Xian) at altitudes 1600-2200 meters in front.
• Petrocosmea cavaleriei Léveillé: This is endemic in the Chinese province of Guizhou only in Pingba Xian and Xian Huishui.
• Petrocosmea coerulea CYWu ex WTWang: This endemic species grows on rocks in valleys at altitudes of about 500 meters to the southeast in the Chinese province of Yunnan Jinping only in Xian.
• Petrocosmea condorensis Pellegrin ( Syn: Didymocarpus condorensis Pierre ex Pellegrin, Petrocosmea condorensis Pellegrin in Lecomte ): It is native to Vietnam.
• Petrocosmea confluens WTWang: This endemic species grows on rocky slopes in valleys at altitudes of about 1300 meters in the south of China's Guizhou province only in Wangmo Xian.
• Petrocosmea duclouxii Craib: It thrives in shady rocks at altitudes 2000-2600 meters only in the central part of China's Yunnan province.
• Petrocosmea flaccida Craib: It grows on alpine rock faces at altitudes 2800-3100 meters only in the southwestern Chinese provinces of Sichuan ( Muli Xian) and northwestern Yunnan ( Lijiang Xian).
• Petrocosmea formosa BLBurtt: It is native to Thailand and was only in 2001 in Burtt: annot. checklist, new spp, In: . Thai Forest Bull (Botany ), Volume 29, pp. 81-109 firstdescribed.
• Petrocosmea forrestii Craib: It grows on rocks in shaded locations at altitudes 1600-2000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
• Petrocosmea grandiflora Hemsley: This endemic species grows on rocks in tropical karst at altitudes of about 2000 meters in the southeastern Chinese province of Yunnan Mengzi only in Xian.
• Petrocosmea grandifolia WTWang: This endemic species thrives in woods in rock crevices at altitudes of about 1000 meters in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan only in Zhenkang Xian.
• Petrocosmea heterophylla BLBurtt: It is native to Thailand and was only in 2001 in Burtt: annot. checklist, new spp, In: . Thai Forest Bull (Botany ), Volume 29, pp. 81-109 firstdescribed.
• Petrocosmea iodioides Hemsley: It is found in forests in shady rock faces at altitudes 1100-2500 meters only in the southwestern Chinese provinces of Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan ( Mengzi Xian) ago.
• Petrocosmea kerrii Craib: Petrocosmea kerrii Craib var kerrii ( Syn: Damrongia kerrii ( Craib ) Pellegrin in Lecomte, Petrocosmea wardii WWSmith ): It is in the southwestern Yunnan, northern Myanmar and northern Thailand is home.
• Petrocosmea kerrii crinita var WTWang: This endemic species thrives in forests at altitudes of about 1500 meters in the south of China's Yunnan Province, Mengzi only Xian.

• Petrocosmea mairei H.Lév. var mairei: It comes in hilly areas present in altitude of about 2600 meters only in the southwestern Chinese provinces of Sichuan ( Ebian Xian) and northeastern Yunnan ( Dongchuan Xian).
• Petrocosmea mairei var intraglabra WTWang: This endemic species thrives near rocks in shady areas in hilly areas at altitudes of about 2000 meters in the Chinese province of Sichuan Huidong only in Xian.

• Petrocosmea martinii (. H.Lév ) Léveillé var martinii ( Syn: Vaniotia martinii Léveillé ): It is used on steep rock faces at altitudes of about 1000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou ( Pingba Xian, Xian Qingzhen ) and southeastern Yunnan ago.
• Petrocosmea martinii var leiandra WTWang: This endemic species thrives in shady, steep rock walls in the Chinese province of Guizhou Qingzhen only in Xian.

• Petrocosmea oblata Craib var oblata: This endemic species thrives in mountainous regions at altitudes of about 3,000 meters in southwest China's Sichuan province only in Muli Xian.
• Petrocosmea oblata var latisepala ( WTWang ) WTWang ( Syn: Petrocosmea latisepala WTWang ): This endemic species thrives on soils over limestone at an altitude of about 2200 meters in the northeastern Chinese province of Yunnan Huize only in Xian.

Swell

• Wencai Wang, Kai- yu Pan, Zhen -yu Li, Anna L. Weitzman & Laurence E. Skog: Gesneriaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 18, 1998, pp. 302-308: Petrocosmea online. (Section Description and systematics)
• Anton Weber & Laurence E. Skog: The Genera of Gesneriaceae from the Faculty of Botany, University of Vienna, Department of Systematic Biology &, Botany Smithsonian Institution, 2007: Petrocosmea. ( Section systematics, occurrence and description)
• Petrocosmea in gesneriad Reference site with pictures. (Section dissemination )
• Enter for a list of all types of the generic name in the search - Checklist of Gesneriaceae. ( Section systematics and distribution )