Phaseolus coccineus
Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus )
The scarlet runner bean, which in Austria and scarlet runner bean ( Phaseolus coccineus ) is a species of the genus Phaseolus in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae or Leguminosae). The bright bright red flower is eponymous for the Runner Bean. Other common names are runner bean, flower bean, kidney-bean, Turkish bean, bean Arab or Greek Gigantes. This crop is closely related to a number of other " beans " called crops.
- 2.1 Gigantes
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description, ingredients and Ecology
Appearance and leaf
The runner bean grows as a twining, usually one year, but in frost- free areas also two annual and perennial herbaceous plant. The runner bean is a long-day plant. The cotyledons remain in the soil, so do not turn green ( hypogeous germination ). The root thickens with perennials to the diameter of 2 to 3 cm fusiform tuber. The usually 2-4, rarely up to 7 meters long, at the bottom of round and hexagonal at the top of stems is always left writhing. The stalk is initially weak and short hairy and glabrous later.
The alternate and spirally on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The hexagonal petiole has a groove above. The petiole and the Fiederstiele have joints, which function on turgor changes. The leaves perform nyctinastic pronounced movements at nightfall they take a sleeping position. The unpaired pinnate leaf blade consists of three pinnate leaves. The relatively large leaflets are broad ovoid. Of the relatively rough surfaces of leaves, the top is clearly hairy, glossy dark green and light green underside; Network nerves are clearly visible. The leaf edge is cambered smooth or rarely weak. The information presented on the underside of leaves glandular hairs enter kaliumkarbonathaltiges secretion, which acts hygroscopic, this allows the absorption of water from the air. Both the stipules ( stipules ) and the secondary leaflets ( Stipellen ) the leaflets are relatively small and short- lanceolate.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from June to September. The inflorescences are usually longer than the leaves, with a length of 25 to 35 centimeters. The inflorescences contain six to ten standing in the axils of small bracts egg-shaped flowers couples. The flower stalk is relatively long. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth at a height of 1.5 to 3.0 centimeters. The cup is composed of two lips, and the upper cup teeth are considerably shorter than the other. The short flag is repulsed. The relatively large wings are wide. The boat is rolled spirally. The relatively short pen is thick. Ecologically flowers are at the Runner Bean are pollen butterfly flower with brush mechanism, so that the pollination mechanism can be triggered only by large Apidae. The flowers are self-sterile.
Fruit and seeds
The legumes are up to 25 cm long. The kidney-shaped seeds are up to 2.5 cm long and mostly brown, red, black and purple spotted or completely white. The culture shapes the pulses remain mostly closed, the wild forms spread as dehydration spreader. The kidney-shaped seeds of runner bean contain 18.4 % crude protein 1.8 to 2.9% crude fat, 4.4% N- free extractives, 6.8% crude fiber, 3.8% ash and 15.0 % water.
Cultivation and uses
The Runner Bean comes from the South America and was brought to Europe in the 17th century. Since the runner bean cold better tolerated than the common bean, it is today to be found from northern to southern Europe and is also cultivated at higher altitudes in Austria.
In Central Europe the scarlet runner bean is cultivated as an annual plant; they can be perennial in countries with a milder climate. In Europe, runner beans are often planted as ornamentals. For food production culturing the runner bean because of their natural height usually in 4 to 5 meter-long rods which are tent-shaped against each other for better stability and interconnected. The flowers, the young legumes, and the dried seeds are eaten. The raw beans contain about 1.2% harmful lectins and are therefore toxic. By heating to at least 75 ° C, the structure of this poison is destroyed, so that cooked beans can be safe to eat.
In the Austrian Styria the scarlet runner beans salad ( broad beans with sliced onion, vinegar and pumpkin seed oil ) is considered a specialty. Even otherwise, the scarlet runner bean is often used traditionally in Styria and is found on every farmer's market.
Gigantes
The " Fasolia Gigantes " (Greek φασόλια γίγαντες "giant bean" ) is a Greek variety of runner bean with a protected geographical indication. It blooms white. The ripe beans are white to light brown and up to 2.5 inches long. It is grown in northern Greece in the regions Kato Nevrokopi, Florina and Kastoria. From Greece and North Africa, the fresh flat pods come early in the year as "green beans " or " broad beans " on the market that can be distinguished by the size and rougher skin of the pods of the bean. In Greek cuisine, it plays an important role there knows you multiple ways of preparing young green pods and dried beans seeds.
Photos
Seeds of two varieties
Gigantes as a starter in a sauce of tomatoes, carrots and olive oil
Runner beans salad. Runner beans, pumpkin seed oil, apple cider vinegar, onion.