Philip Neri
Saint Philip Romolo Neri, de. Philip, ( born July 21, 1515 Florence, † May 26, 1595 in Rome) was next to Ignatius of Loyola and Charles Borromeo, the outstanding figure of the Catholic reform in Rome in the 16th century and bears the honorary title Apostle of Rome. He founded the Congregation of the Oratory.
Life
Childhood and youth
Philip was born in Florence, the youngest child of the lawyer Francesco Neri and his wife Lucretia Soldi. He was influenced early on by the Florentine Dominicans of San Marco, whose prior was Girolamo Savonarola, and he was grateful for life.
Sixteen year he came to the childless father's brother Romolo Neri, the merchant in San Germano was and whose legacy he should be. But Philip left him and turned to Rome, where he was tutor to his Florentine compatriot Galeotto Caccia. By the way, he studied with the Augustinians and began his apostolate among the poor and the sick, prisoners and distressed pilgrims. He spent much time in churches and spent nights in prayer in the catacombs of San Sebastiano.
The founding of the Oratory
Philip Neri actually came to Rome for studies, but decided, given the plight of the homeless shelter and pilgrims to Rome, to devote himself to the accommodation and care for the poor and the sick. To this end he founded in 1548 the Confraternity of the pilgrims and the sick of the Most Holy Trinity ( SS Trinità dei Pellegrini e Convalescenti ), and later the hospice Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini, where pilgrims as "guests of God" for nothing received room and board.
Relatively late in 1551 he was on the advice of his confessor priest in the Brotherhood of San Girolamo della Carita. Although it urged him to go as a missionary to India, he remained on the advice of his confessor, who had told him, Thy India is Rome. In the evening, he met with companions in his chamber, and later next to a slightly larger room, oratory, so called prayer room or chapel, prayer, hymns, readings from Scripture and from texts of the Fathers and saints' lives, followed by a free exchange.
At the request of the Florentines and Pope Pius IV, he took with his brothers in 1564 from the pastoral care of the newly built church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini National, located directly on the Tiber opposite the Vatican, but continued his oratorio meeting. Among the members at that time was already later Cardinal Cesare Baronio, the Philippines moved to speak at the evening meetings lectures on the history of Christianity and later under the title annales the first to write church history. Additional members of the group of later Cardinal and Archbishop of Avignon, Francesco Maria Tarugi, the future Cardinal Paravicini and his future biographer and Heiligenvitenverfasser Gallonius, further Ancina and Bordoni. The first of Philipp private revived one-day pilgrimage to the traditional seven Roman pilgrimage churches was maintained in the circle of his disciples and eventually grew to outright mass gatherings with hundreds of participants from.
1574 built by the Florentines for the ever- growing community a new oratorio beside San Giovanni, where the meetings were moved. But it soon became clear that the oratory, as now both the meeting place, the community as well as the Prayer meetings were called itself, its own church and their own rooms needed.
The small parish church of Santa Maria in Vallicella in the center of Rome seemed ideal, the construction of a large new church with an adjacent building for the Oratory was started. On July 15, 1575, the Oratory was built as a congregation by a papal bull.
1577 the new church of the Oratory was inaugurated, which was henceforth beside her old title also called Chiesa Nuova short ( new church ). Philipp as Superior of the Oratory was able to decide in 1583 at the express request of the Pope to move from San Girolamo at the new workplace.
Philipp estimated simple folk tunes, but let her da Palestrina and other like sound with the help of his penitent Giovanni Pierluigi at a high level and in current polyphony. Thus arose the musical form of the oratorio.
Work
1593 Pope Clement VIII raised the excommunication of Henry IV of France. Philip had the Pope's confessor, his pupil Baronius, stopped to refuse the Pope to give in absolution.
The numerous humorous and often very quirky anecdotes that have grown up around Philipps life, unconventional and uncompromising directness, sometimes blind us to the mystical glow that emanated from his person. After his death, they found the heart expands oversized and about two broken ribs, what his students attributed to an experience of God that Philip Pentecost had in the catacombs of San Sebastiano in 1544 during the autopsy.
Referring to biographies on Philip Neri writes Hildebrand Troll: " When he " ( Philip Neri ) " to Rome in the Sebastianskatakomben surrenders the prayer, he feels overwhelmed by God's love as strong as ever, he believes he sees as a. fiery ball from the height comes to him and takes possession of his innermost possession. After the rapture he noticed how lifted above his heart the chest wall, ribs had expanded. since then, every religious thought, every collection of his soul to God in a heartbeat connected, the abnormal strength also the result of an autopsy after the death of the saint is perceived by the bystanders. This phenomenon has been noted by numerous contemporaries. reaffirms its credibility. "
Numerous miracles were already rumored during his lifetime Philip. In the context of sacred things he tried to protect itself against the end of his life against increasingly frequent occurring ecstasies. As word spread in Rome, you 've seen him at the show hovering at the altar, he celebrated the Eucharist only with the assistance of an altar in a chapel outside the church. The cardinal's hat from Philip struck several times.
1583 Philipp Intitiator was to found a college for Polish candidates for the priesthood, it emerged today Pontifical Polish College in Rome.
The perspective of popes
Hildebrand Troll writes that Philip Neri, the result of nearly all of his time conclaves foresaw, quoting his earliest biographer Antonio Gallonio from the Acta Sanctorum of May in Volume VI on page 507: " illud de beato Patre hic mirabile adjiciam ... quod Romana Sede Pastore orbata, semper ferme, nunc dormiens, nunc vigilans, noun Illius qui in Summum Pontificem eligendus erat, maxima voce pronuntiari audiebat: quam rem paucis admodum viris aperire consueverat " ( " following amazing I would like to add about the blessed father: almost always when the papal throne of his shepherd was orphaned, he heard soon in my sleep, sometimes in waking state the name of the one who will chose the Pope with a very loud voice, and he had a habit of this fact only very few people to trust ").
Next quotes Troll biographer Girolamo Branabei on page 599 of this Acta Sanctorum, " Philip futurorum pontificum electiones ferme omnes divinitus praevidebat " ( " Philip saw almost all the options of future popes by divine inspiration ahead" ). This biographer, so troll, also show how Philip his confidant revealed the name of the Cardinal, who will leave the conclave as pope. Occasionally, he also predict the day and hour when this happened and the name of the newly elected will be set. And troll mentions that these events were discussed also in the process of canonization Philip Neri.
His ability to foresee all resulting from a conclave popes, is the main reason why it is believed that he is the originator of the so-called Malachiasprophetie.
→ Main article: Malachiasweissagung
Canonization
Shortly after his death, was beatified in 1600 by Pope Paul V. Philip Neri. On March 12, 1622 was canonized along with Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Teresa of Ávila and Isidore of Madrid, followed in Rome, the mocking speech went, Pope Gregory XV. had four Spaniards and a saint to the altars raised.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe said Philip in his Italian journey to his favorite saints.
Remembrance
He is a saint of the Catholic Church His feast day is May 26
Reception
His life is the subject of the Oratorio San Filippo Neri (1705 ) by Alessandro Scarlatti on a libretto by Pietro Ottoboni.