Pleurotus
Oyster oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus )
The pleurotus ( Pleurotus ) is a fungal genus in the family Seitlingsverwandten. They have been attributed in the past, the long Stielporlingsverwandten ( Polyporaceae ).
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Itemization
Features
The Seitlingen are mainly short-to sessile fungi that are laterally grown on the substrate. The hats are shell -, kidney - or semicircular. The Hutunterseite is formed by bright, ganzrandige slats that Hutoberseite is bare and not scaled. The meat has in young fruit bodies a juicy, old soon a chewy consistency. The spore powder is white to pale clay colored.
Species delimitation
Also in other fungal genera exist species comparable to Seitlingen, short or sessile form the substrate ansitz end fruiting bodies and are sometimes referred to with the German common name oyster. In Central Europe, this is the dwarf ball Inge ( Panellus ), shell rings ( Hohenbuehelia ), Hank bands are ( Panus ), the genera also known as pleurotus Pleurocybella and Phyllotopsis. The relatively large Ulmenrasling ( Hypsizygus ulmarius ) and other Holzraslinge might be confused with the Seitlingen.
Ecology
The species of the genus Pleurotus live as Saprobionten or (weakness) parasites. Individual species may occur both as a weakness parasite as well as Saprobionten. Most pleurotus live on hardwoods, softwoods are rarely populated. The oyster mushroom is an exception: it parasitizes roots of umbelliferous plants. The Opuntia - oyster ( Pleurotus opuntiae ) decompose the cellulose and the vascular bundles of wood of agaves and cacti. The wood-dwelling pleurotus are Weißfäuleerreger, that is, they can also decompose the wood pulp lignin in addition to cellulose.
Species
The genus Pleurotus comprises about 30 species worldwide. In Europe, eight species occur or are expected there.
Other types are as edible fungi in culture and partly marketed under fancy names:
Canary Seitling Pleurotus citrinopileatus
Rillstieliger Seitling Pleurotus cornucopiae
Rose Seitling Pleurotus djamor
Berindeter Seitling Pleurotus dryinus
Pale herbal Seitling Pleurotus Bailing
Oyster oyster Pleurotus ostreatus
Importance
Ingredients
1951 led to the isolation of an antibiotic substance which Pleuromulin (or Pleuromutilin called ) from this fungus. Today, chemical modifications of this substance for various therapeutic purposes can be used. A well-known active substance in the drug therapy is the tiamulin or the tiamulin hydrogen fumarate.
Feed value
Most species are considered edible and tasty, especially the oysters and oyster mushroom. Some pleurotus than cultivable mushrooms gained an economic importance because they can colonize a variety of substrates.
Origin of the name
The botanical name is derived from the Greek Pleurotus pleura = side, and Greco us = ear. Because the fungi are often ear- shaped and have a side handle.