Political Party of Radicals
The Politieke Partij Radicals (PPR ) was a Dutch party that existed from 1968 to 1991.
However Originally a left split of the Catholic People's Party ( KVP ), it saw itself as non-denominational and profiled with the issues of environmental protection, world peace, development and poverty reduction. She participated in a single cabinet from 1973 to 1977. Your highest vote were 4.8 percent in 1972, before and after they stayed at below two percent.
The PPR was in 1991 in the new party Groen Links to. The Green Left has received in elections between four and seven percent of the vote, but was not yet involved in governments.
- 5.1 Election Results
- 5.2 Ministers and State Secretaries
- 6.1 Group leaders
- 6.2 Member numbers
History
History and foundation 1966-1968
1966 was the Coalition from Katholieke Volkspartij, Partij van de Arbeid ( Social Democrats ) and anti- revolutionists Partij ( Protestants ) apart. In the CIP, there had been tensions between a more right- wing and an employee that resulted in the night from smelters. The more right wing had insisted on spending limits and ( unintentionally ) led to the fall of the CIP Prime Minister Jo Cals. As a result, the CIP entered into a coalition with two Protestant parties and the right-wing liberal Volkspartij voor de Vrijheid Democracy.
Ever since it was 1967 with the Groep van Achttien efforts in the three Christian parties ( KVP, ARP, CHU ) cooperate fully. A group of left-wing CIP members feared that in the future exclude Christian and " progessive " policy today.
Four CIP MPs left in 1968, the CIP Group and formed up to the elections in 1971 Groep Aarden: Jacques Aarden, Paul Janssen, Annie boiler and Harry van Doorn. Jacques Aarden, Pieter Bogaers ( a former minister ) and Erik Jurgens subsequently founded the PPR. Aarden was in 1971 the first leader of the PPR, Bogaers was the first, Jurgens, the second party chairman.
The party founders gave up a religious component in their party name to signal for like-minded people with different backgrounds openness. In fact, it came also to crossings of disappointed members of the ARP. The party received support from different parts of the Catholic Worker movement, so called the former chairman of the Catholic union KAB, Adrianus Cornelis de Bruijn, leaving the workers of the CIP to their party and looked for this example, the PPR as a possible new home on.
An advocate of the new party was also Henri Faas, Parliament editor of the daily newspaper de Volkskrant that the KAB or its successor NAB belonged to 1968 and was equally at this time on the way from a Catholic to a left newspaper.
Development
The PPR could find in the early 1970s with its distinct attitude to North-South issues and their negative position towards NATO to in the circles of the student movement support. Ahead of the general election of 1971, the PPR was taking a loose alliance with the Labour Party and the Social-Liberal Party D66; the so-called Progressief Akkoord put up a shadow cabinet. Also Volkskrant Parliament editor Faas, who had converted from the CIP to the PPR, worked on the election program of the Shadow Cabinet. However, the PPR reached her first parliamentary election only two seats, and the Alliance was far from a majority away. Bogaers was in 1970 returned to the CIP, because he could no longer identify with the complete detachment of the party of their religious background. The PPR was nevertheless later two chairmen who were Catholic priests. In 1974, a former member of the left Provo movement, Roel van Duijn, in Amsterdam a member of the city government ( Wethouder ) for the PPR.
In the 1972 elections the Radicals held 4.8% of the vote and seven seats were able to achieve their best result and participated from 1973 to 1977 in the government of Socialist Prime Minister Joop den Uyl (PvdA, KVP, ARP, PPR, D66 ). The PPR put two Ministers: Harry van Doorn ( culture, leisure and recreation, social work ) and Boy Trip ( without portfolio, Minister for Science Policy ).
However, this remained the only government of the PPR, which had serious consequences for the party. On the one hand there was discontent in the PPR that she was during this time in a coalition that included the KVP and ARP. On the other hand, was just the decision of the PPR, then not to form a coalition with these parties, not well received at the next election in 1977. Since then, the party could bring only between one and two percent of voters behind him.
Way to Groen Links since the 1980s
The mid-1980s, the party broke away from their previous collaboration with the PvdA and D66 and a new collaboration with the small parties EPP (left - Protestant ), PSP ( pacifist- socialist ) and CPN turned ( communist- feminist ) to. After the previously worst election results of 1986, the former PPR Group Chairman Bas de Gaay Fortman expressed doubts about the stock right of the party, however, remained faithful to her. Co-founder Jurgens, however, was leaked back in 1982 and went 1986 PvdA. 1983 were members of the Green Party platform also left the party in the PPR and founded together with other local green parties, the new party De Groenen, however, unable to obtain a meaning only at the local level.
In 1989, PPR, EVP, PSP and CPN merged to form a joint list with the name Groen Links and came with this on in the elections this year, in which 4.1% were achieved. After the end of alliance had formed in 1990 as a party, the four parties announced their independence to final and went the following year all the way into the new party.
With two members of parliament, the PPR had more choice substance introduced as the other three parties ( the PSP previously owned one). Tensions emerged in Groen Links between green and red; the Communists and Pacifist Socialists were ultimately in the change in the economy of all observing environmental question.
Organization
The PPR had in 1977 with over 13,000 members of their highest level of organization, this number decreased to the starting of the 1980s to a value of less than 6.000 from. It commanded the PPR Jongeren a youth organization since its inception and was a monthly party newspaper called Radikalenkrant ( 1973-1981 PPRAK: PPR aktiekrant ) out.
Name
The first part of the name, Politieke partij ( political party ), was more technical in nature. This was emphasized to be not just radicals or radicals of any other party. Under the name Politike Partij radicals you had entered in the electoral register. Incidentally, there had been 1892 to 1901, a left-liberal party called radicals Bond, who then was to become the Democratic Vrijzinnig Bond.
The term "radical" refers to a left-wing tendency of liberalism. This meaning he has to keep in mainly in Latin and Scandinavian countries ( see for example the radical socialists in France or radical Venstre in Denmark). For the PPR as a name alternatief (alternative) would have been more appropriate.
In Dutch, one usually writes "radical" c: radicaal ( radically ), de Radical ( the radicals). The more phonological spelling of words was then under the left Fashion, compare socialisties instead of (correctly) socialistisch.
Ideology
In its election manifesto in January 1971, the PPR was exceptionally skeptical about the idea of growth. Both arms in the Netherlands as well as in the Third World would take no part in the benefits of growth. Therefore, the party declared its solidarity with the victims of a mentioned as capitalist and exploitative system. They also themed housing, minorities, world peace and the environment. She wanted to recognize the GDR and make NATO membership of the Netherlands to the discussion. The Netherlands should renounce the deployment of weapons of mass destruction.
The PPR was influenced by the ideas of the British economist EF Schumacher, who presented under the title Small is beautiful 1973, the growth of thinking in question. Too much specialization and large organizations are inefficient and lead to pollution and degrading circumstances. During the 1970s, the party left their initial willingness to centralized solutions, and called instead for small shell. She gave the example to great schools and hospitals that have assumed an inhuman degree.
Data
Election results
In the elections to the Second Chamber, it was for the PPR the following results.
Ministers and State Secretaries
All of 1973-1977 in the Cabinet Den Uyl:
Party chairman
Group leaders
Member numbers
Numbers after DNPP: