Politics of Slovakia

The political system of the Slovak Republic is organized as a republic with semipräsidentiellem system of government. Of central importance is the strong competing political parties. The legislative power is the National Council, a unicameral parliament. The elections to the National Council and the European elections are based on proportional elections. Head of state is the president, who is elected directly by the people. Information about compliance with the Constitution, the Constitutional Court watches.

State Institutions

Legislature

National

Support the legislative power is the National Council of the Slovak Republic ( Národná rada Slovenskej Republiky ), a unicameral parliament with 150 deputies. Representatives shall be elected by a proportional representation method to four years. Task of the National Council is primarily the control of the government and the adoption of laws. The mandate is exercised freely. In certain emergency situations, the National Council may be dissolved by the President.

Choice

The House of Representatives is elected by proportional representation method. The entire territory constitutes a single constituency. There is a minimum threshold of 5 % for individual parties for a coalition of two or three parties, and 7% for four or more parties 10%. The votes are translated according to the Hagenbach -Bischoff method in mandates. Citizens have the opportunity to choose four preference votes concrete candidate from the list. This has an impact on the order of the list, if more than three percent of the vote result in the preferential votes for a candidate. Only then changes according to the preference votes the order on the election list. In the European elections and proportional representation method is used.

Executive

President

The President is the head of state and represents accordance with Article 102 of the Slovak Constitution the state to the outside. He is elected in a direct vote, the election period is five years, renewable once possible.

The president appoints the prime minister independently and in concert with him, then the Minister. He negotiates and he ratified international treaties, this authority may also delegate to the government. In certain situations, it can dissolve the National Assembly. In the legislative process, he signed laws and has a suspensive veto. It can be as a bill (possibly with amendments ) lead back to the National Council. He appoints the judges of the Constitutional Court and the Attorney General. He has the right to mitigate penalties or to pay off and may adopt amnesties.

The National Council may initiate a three-fifths majority of all deputies a deselection process of the President, which consists of a referendum. If confirmed in this the people of the President, the distrust is so automatically the National pronounced and resolved this.

Government

The Government is the supreme body of the executive branch, consisting of the Prime Minister ( předseda Vlady ), the Deputy Prime Minister ( podpredseda ) and the Ministers. A government member may not be a deputy in the National Assembly at the same time. If it comes to this situation, the deputy's mandate is not exercised and enters substitute in the National Council for the given time.

The government needs after their arrival the confidence of the National Council. Likewise, the National Council can force the resignation with a no-confidence vote the government. Parliament can also individual members of the government express distrust. In this case, the president has dismissed the government official from his office. The government is responsible to the National Assembly. Formally speaking, the government decides as a college. The adoption of a resolution approved by a majority of its members is required. You can adopt for the implementation of laws regulations.

Regional management

Slovakia is a unitary state. The territory is divided into eight self-governing regional associations ( samosprávny kraj ) or Higher Territorial Units ( vyšší územný Celok ) divided. In these regional self-government bodies are elected as representatives ( zastupiteľstvo ). The management is responsible at this level the Regional Association offices ( krajský úrad ). The state administration is also in 50 administrative areas ( územný obvod obvodného úradu ) with field offices ( Obvodny úrad ) divided. The lowest level of self-management form the communities.

Judiciary

The judiciary consists of the Constitutional Court and ordinary courts, which are arranged in three levels. There is a two-stage of appeal.

Constitutional court

The Constitutional Court ( Ústavný súd Slovenskej Republiky ) is an independent constitutional body, a special court in questions of constitutional law. The most important competence of the Court is to repeal unconstitutional laws. The court consists of 13 judges who are appointed on the proposal of the National Council by the President on 12 years. The Constitutional Court has its seat in Košice.

General courts

The system of courts consists of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic ( Najvyšší súd Slovenskej Republiky ) in Bratislava, eight Regional Association of courts ( krajský súd ), 54 district courts ( okresný súd ), the Higher Military Court ( Vyšší Vojenský súd ) in Trenčín and three military district courts ( Vojenský obvodový súd ) in Bratislava, Banská Bystrica and Prešov.

In 2004, the Special Court ( Špeciálny súd ) was established, which, together with an Office of the Special Prosecutor ( Úrad špeciálnej prokuratúry ) for criminal cases in the area of ​​corruption, bribery, particularly serious financial and property offenses or organized crime operates. The responsibility is especially for certain groups of people (eg judges, holders of high offices of state, politicians) and fixed for certain types of offenses on the whole territory of Slovakia. The court based in Pezinok.

Other constitutional bodies

Other constitutional bodies, the prosecutor's office of the Slovak Republic ( Prokuratura Slovenskej Republiky ), the Ombudsman ( Verejný ochranca Prav ) and the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic ( Najvyšší kontrolný úrad Slovenskej Republiky ).

Parties

In Slovakia, a moderate pluralism has established. After the elections in 2012, the following parties are represented in the House of Representatives:

  • SMER - Sociálna demokracia ( SMER ) - Direction - Social Democracy, Social Democratic
  • Kresťanskodemokratické hnutie ( KDH) - Christian- Democratic Movement, conservative
  • Obyčajní Ludia a nezávislé osobnosti - Common people and independent people, conservative
  • Most -Hid - bridge, ethnic cooperation
  • Slovenská demokratická a kresťanská Unia - demokratická strana ( SDKU -DS) - Slovak Democratic and Christian Union - Democratic Party, liberal conservative
  • Sloboda a Solidarita - Freedom and Solidarity, neoliberal

In the young Slovak history was particularly Movement for a Democratic Slovakia ( HZDS ) is of importance, which dominated Slovak politics in the 1990s and until 2006 the most votes party represented in the Slovak Parliament. After a strong loss of votes in the parliamentary elections of 2006 and the misconduct of the Parliament feeder 2010, she released the HZDS in January 2014 on their own. Further since gaining independence in 1993 partly parties represented in parliament are the Party of the Hungarian Coalition, the Working Men's Association of Slovakia and the Communist Party of Slovakia important.

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