Pope Pius IV
Pius IV ( born March 31, 1499 Milan, † December 9, 1565 in Rome), real name Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 the Catholic Church.
Life
Giovanni Angelo Medici was the son of an insignificant Milanese family, which was not related to the Medici of Florence ( but Pius IV was leaning with his papal coat of arms on their coats of arms ) and was originally called Medigino. His early career was based on the rise of his older brother to the Marchese di Marignano ( Marquis of Marignano ).
After studying in Bologna and the attainment of some reputation as a lawyer in 1527, he came to Rome, where the favorite of Pope Paul III he. rise and was entrusted with the dominion over numerous cities. 1542-1543 he was Apostolic Commissioner with the troops against the Turks. In 1546 he was appointed Archbishop of Ragusa and Vizelegat of Bologna. He was also from 1546 Commissioner-General of the papal auxiliaries in the Smalcald War in Germany. Finally, he was on April 8, 1549 by Pope Paul III. a cardinal with the title of Santa Pudenziana, after which he, inter alia, Cardinal Priest of Santa Anastasia was in 1557 and finally moved to the titular church of Santa Prisca. After the death of Pope Paul IV, he was elected in the conclave on December 25, 1559 Pope and introduced into the office on January 6, 1560. The Pope name is meant programmatically ( pius = the Pious ), in distinction from the rigorous policy of its predecessor.
His first important public actions were a general amnesty for all participants in the uprising during the tenure of his predecessor, and the sentencing of two nephews of his predecessor, Cardinal Carlo Carafa was hanged and beheaded the Duke of Paliano.
On January 18, 1562 the Council of Trent was convened for the third time, that of Pope Julius III. was initially canceled. With great care and understanding, it was possible to clarify a number of important questions.
The top three nations took part, although they were directed against the interests of the Holy See. His interpretations and decrees were confirmed by a papal bull dated 26 January 1564 and although they were enforced against opposition from France and Spain, the famous creed Pius His final version Professio fidei Tridentinae remained IV ( Trent creed ) was the Bull " Iniunctum nobis " published on November 13, 1564.
With this in mind, in 1564, he invited the Queen of Navarre before the Inquisition with the charge of Calvinism. He withdrew the charges, however, because of the indignant protest of Charles IX. back. That same year, a bull was published, in which the division of the Last Supper chalice with the laity Austria and Bohemia was allowed.
One of his greatest passions seemed to be the erection of buildings. This led to the strain on the fiscal agent, but also an ornament of Rome. In addition, however, other regions were favored IV within the Papal States by the Bauwillen Pius. A conspiracy against him, which was in the spirit of the 1549 deceased Catholic fanatic Benedetto Accolti, was uncovered in 1565 and broken up. Only a short time later he himself died on 9 December of the same year. He was succeeded by Pope Pius V.