President of Romania

The President of Romania ( Romanian official: Preşedintele României ) is the head of state of the State of Romania. Its headquarters is located at Cotroceni Presidential Palace in Bucharest. Acting President Traian Basescu is.

Constitutional position

According to the current 1991 Constitution, the President is the head of state. He represents the Romanian state and is the guarantor of national independence, unity and territorial integrity of the country. He also watches over the observance of the Constitution and the proper functioning of the public authorities. To this end, the President shall perform the switching function between the branches of government, and between the state and society.

Competencies

The President has the following powers and duties:

• It determines a candidate for the post of Prime Minister and appoints the government unless it has first obtained the confidence of Parliament
• Convenes and appoints in the case of government reshuffle or vacancy of a ministerial post to the proposal of the Prime Minister, some members of the government
• The government can consult with a view to pressing problems
• May attend the meetings of the government, where problems of national interest in terms of foreign policy, national defense, the protection of public order are discussed, and at the request of the Prime Minister to participate in other situations
• Shall preside over the meetings of the government, to which it participates
• Targeted messages to the Parliament on the main political problems of the nation
• May, after consulting the Parliament to hold a referendum in terms of issues of national interest
• Excludes from the negotiated by the government and international treaties submitted to it within a period of 60 days to the Parliament for ratification
• On a proposal from the government certify or dismiss the diplomatic representatives
• Has the supreme command of the armed forces of the country
• May explain the partial or general mobilization of the army, with the prior approval of Parliament
• Engages in the event of a claim against the land armed aggression measures to repulse and brings them immediately to the Parliament by an embassy note
• Declared by law a state of siege or state of emergency for the the whole country or for some localities and asks five days after its adoption, the Parliament 's approval of the action taken no later than
• Confers decorations and honorary titles
• Gives the rank of marshal, a general and an admiral
• Appointed public officials under the conditions provided for by law
• May grant pardons
• May adopt in the exercise of its powers, decrees, which are published in the Official Journal

Parliament resolution

After interviewing the two chambers, the President may dissolve Parliament if it does not deliver the vote of confidence in the government in the period of 60 days from the first application and only after rejection of at least two solicitation and the investiture. The Parliament, however, can be resolved only once in the course of a year. In addition, it may be dissolved either in the last six months of the term of office of the President, nor the time of the siege or of emergency condition.

Choice

The president is elected by direct vote for a term of five years. The basis is this universal, equal and secret suffrage. Re-election is permitted only for a second term.

As elected shall be the candidate who receives the votes of the majority of registered voters in the electoral roll to be on the first ballot.

Should no candidate in the first round to reach the required majority of votes, a second ballot between the two candidates will be held, who received the most votes received. As chosen then applies the candidate who receives the most votes.

The result of the election is subsequently annulled by the Constitutional Court to be valid.

Swearing-in

Before taking office the president-elect must take the following oath before the two chambers of Parliament:

" Jur să -mi dăruiesc toata puterea şi pentru priceperea propăşirea spirituală şi Materialã a Poporului italiano, să respect Constituţia şi legile Ţării, să APAR Democratia, drepturile şi libertăţile fundamental ale cetăţenilor, suveranitatea, Independenta, Unitatea şi integritatea teritorială a României. Asa să -mi ajute Dumnezeu! "

"I swear to devote all my strength and all my skills to the spiritual and material prosperity of the Romanian people to respect the Constitution and the laws of the country, democracy, fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity Romania to defend. So help me God! "

Tenure

The regular term of office lasts five years and shall commence on the day on which the President has done his oath before the Parliament. The term of office of incumbent President ends on the day on which the newly elected President has taken his oath. The term of office may be extended by law in case of war or disaster.

An incumbent president can not be a member of a party and shall not perform any other public or private function.

Immunity and charge

The President enjoys immunity during his term of office.

The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate may decide, in joint session an indictment against the President by a majority of two-thirds of all deputies and senators. The adopted charge is then subsequently treated by the Supreme Court. Should the President be convicted, he is relieved from the date of the judgment of his office.

Impeachment

Should the President make acts which violate the Constitution, it may be suspended by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, in joint session by a majority vote of deputies and senators, after consultation with the Constitutional Court from his office. The President may make a statement before the Parliament, the acts alleged against him.

The request for an impeachment may be initiated by at least one third of the total number of deputies and senators. If the application is approved, must take place in at least 30 days for a referendum in which voters can vote for or against removal of the president.

Vacancy

The office of President shall be deemed vacant in the event of resignation, removal from office, or inability to exercise the powers or in the event of death. If the institution in the cases mentioned are vacant, must by the government in a period of 30 days from the date of vacancy occurred presidential elections are organized.

The president can only be vacant in the meantime, if the President is suspended from office, or if he is unable to exercise his powers. In these cases, the Office will temporarily taken over by the President of the Senate or the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Should the President of the Senate or the President of the Chamber of Deputies temporarily take over the presidency, it can not hold referendums on national issues still dissolve parliament.