Rail transport in Algeria
Rail transport was established in Algeria by a variety of private railway companies and still largely nationalized during the French colonial rule. Today the railways are operated as state railway and in Algiers created a tram and a metro network.
- 2.1 Railway
- 2.2 tram
- 2.3 Metro
History
Railway
Since the 1830s, there was an attempt to build railways in Algeria. The first arose but only under French colonial rule in the second half of the 19th century. Established in 1853, Société Civile of minerais et Hauts - de fourneaux Karezas operation south of Annaba mining and built for the first railway in Algeria.
Legal basis for public build railways, was a decree of 8 April 1857 which envisaged to build 1357 km railway lines between Constantine, Algiers and Oran. In the same year or in 1858, the French army began building a route from Algiers to Boufarik.
In 1860 the Compagnie des chemins de fer private algériens (CFA ) was established and received the concession for a standard gauge route from Algiers to Blida. The company received the following additional concessions for the routes Oran - Sig and Constantine - Skikda. In this respect, the decree of 1857 was amended. Work on the railway line Algiers- Blida began using the French army in 11th Juli 1860. September 8, 1860 was opened. The latter two routes were due to economic difficulties but not be built. Rather, it came in 1863 to a takeover of the CFA by the Compagnie des chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM ). It operated its routes located in Algeria under the name PLM réseau d' Algérie.
1874, the Compagnie Franco- algérienne (FA) was founded and won the concession to build a stretch of Arzew after Kralfallah in the track width 1055 mm. This created a second railway network in Algeria in this gauge. Besides these two main gauges of Algeria, 1435 mm and 1055 mm, railways emerged over time in the track gauge 1000 mm, 800 mm, 750 mm and 600 mm, some island businesses, which are now all closed down or were umgespurt.
After the founding of Compagnie Franco- algérienne (FA) came other private railway companies as the Compagnie des chemins de fer de Bône - Guelma et prolongements (BGP ), the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l' Ouest algérien (COA ) for lines in western Algeria and the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l' Est algérien (CEA ) for eastern Algeria.
1875 founded Charles Lartigue a railway company to build a monorail he designed and operate. The powered by mules route from Oran to Damnesne perverted 1875-1881.
1879 for the first time the possibility was investigated to build a railway line that would connect Algeria with the French colonies south of the Sahara, a project that ultimately discussed many times, but never to be realized, the chemin de fer transsaharien. In contrast, the route network in Algeria has been constantly expanded in the 1870s and 1880s, continued in the two different gauges of 1435 mm and 1055 mm. Beginning in 1885 then concessions were added, which provided also meter gauge lines. Of these, however, are no longer in operation.
1898 saw the establishment of the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l' État algériens ( CFAE ), the first Algerian State Railways, through the province of Oran. Their first track was built in 1055 mm.
1901 Algeria had become economically independent, and since 1904 there have been efforts to standardize the railway fares in the fragmented railway system and buy up private railway companies by the state and to integrate into the CFAE. The process dragged on until 1922, when the tracks were taken under the control of PLM by the State Railway, now operated under the name Chemins de fer algériens de l' État ( CFAE ) and now the majority of the network in a hand united. In the following years, smaller routes and tram lines were further endorsed by the ( CFAE ). A second national railway company was the Réseau de l' État Oran region (ROE ), which merged in 1933 with the CFAE.
In 1938 the Société nationale des was founded chemins de fer français ( SNCF), in the rose and the CFAE. 1939 Office of the chemins de fer français en Algérie was founded in this framework, which held the monopoly for rail operations in Algeria.
On 16 May 1963, the Société nationale des chemins de fer was algériens ( SNCFA ) established as a national railway company for Algeria to Algerian independence. It was a public company. The Algerian government was majority owner. On March 25, 1976, the SNCFA was split into three companies: the Société Nationale des transports ferroviaires algériens ( SNTF ) for transport, the Société nationale du chargée renouvellement et de l' extension du réseau ( SNERIF ) for the construction and expansion of railway infrastructure and the Société d' engineering et de réalisation d' infrastructures ferroviaires (SIF ) for their support and modernization. However, both companies went later on in the SNTF. SNTF has a monopoly on rail operations in Algeria.
2005 was the Agence nationale d' études et de suivi de la réalisation of investissements ferroviaires ( ANESRIF ) to implement a number of new construction projects, providing for the ten-year plan of 2003. This includes the re-gauging of the railway line Blida - Béchar to standard gauge and the more extensive electrification of the rail network.
Urban transport systems
1875 a company was licensed to build a horse tram in Algiers and the surrounding area. From 1891/92 the construction of a steam tram in the track width 1055 mm followed, with the electrification was started in 1896. 1898 then an electric tram for Oran was licensed. Both systems no longer exist. In Algiers, a new tram system is rebuilt.
Presence
Railway
The network of SNTF includes two gauges, the standard gauge network is electrified to slightly more than 10 %
Tram
A tramway in Algiers ( Tramway d' Alger ) was put into operation again on May 8, 2011.
Metro
On 31 October 2011, a first metro line was opened in Algiers. It connects the south of the city about 10 railway stations to the city center. It was built by a consortium led by Siemens. Operator Entreprise Metro d' Algiers.